Concept explainers
Explanation of Solution
Below, the program execution and the output (if applicable) for relevant blocks of code are explained:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
const double CONVERSION = 3.5;
Explanation:
In the above lines of code, the constant CONVERSION is declared and initialized.
int main() {
const int TEMP = 23;
string name;
int id;
int num;
double decNum;
double mysteryNum;
Explanation:
In the above lines, inside the main function, the declaration and initialization of the constant TEMP is followed by the declaration of the variables name, id, num, decNum and mysteryNum.
cout << "Enter last name: ";
Explanation:
The stream insertion operator << and cout is used to print a string "Enter last name: ". The insertion point remains in the same line as the string output on the console. So the output is:
Enter last name:
cin >> name;
Explanation:
The stream extraction operator >> and cin is used to accept the user input of a string ("Miller") which are assigned to the variable name. The insertion point remains in the same line as the string which was typed as input at the console.
cout << endl;
Explanation:
The stream insertion operator cout is used to move the insertion point to a new line through the use of the manipulator endl.
cout << "Enter a two digit integer: ";
Explanation:
The stream insertion operator << and cout are used to print a string "Enter a two digit integer: ". The insertion point remains in the same line as the string output on the console. So the output is,
Enter a two digit integer:
cin >> id;
Explanation:
The stream extraction operator >> and cin are used to accept the user input of a two-digit number (34) which is assigned to the variable id. The insertion point remains in the same line as the string which was typed as input at the console.
cout << endl;
Explanation:
The stream insertion operator << and cout are used to move the insertion point to a new line through the use of the manipulator endl.
num = (id * TEMP) % (static_cast<int>(CONVERSION));
Explanation:
The assignment statement assigns a new value to the variable num after evaluating the right-hand-side arithmetic expression. The expression is evaluated as follows,
(id * TEMP) % (static_cast<int>(CONVERSION))
= (id * TEMP) % (static_cast<int>(CONVERSION))
= (34 * 23) % (static_cast<int>(3.5)) (value substitution)
= (34 * 23) % (3) (static_cast operator converts the floating point
number into int type discarding the decimal portion)
= 782 % 3 (parentheses has highest precedence, * operator
evaluated)
= 2 (modulus operator - 782 / 3 leaves 2 as remainder)
cout << "Enter a decimal number: ";
Explanation:
The stream insertion operator cout is used to print a string "Enter a decimal number: "...
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C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design
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