Chapter 2, Problem 32E

Determine the empirical formulas for the following compounds:

(a) acetic acid, ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_4{\text{O}}_2$

(b) citric acid, ${\text{C}}_6{\text{H}}_8{\text{O}}_7$

(c) hydrazine, ${\text{N}}_2{\text{H}}_4$

(d) nicotine, ${\text{C}}_{10}{\text{H}}_{14}{\text{N}}_2$

(e) butane, ${\text{C}}_4{\text{H}}_{10}$