University Physics Volume 1
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168277
Author: William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny
Publisher: OpenStax - Rice University
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 18CQ
If vectors
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A cylinder with a piston contains 0.153 mol of
nitrogen at a pressure of 1.83×105 Pa and a
temperature of 290 K. The nitrogen may be
treated as an ideal gas. The gas is first compressed
isobarically to half its original volume. It then
expands adiabatically back to its original volume,
and finally it is heated isochorically to its original
pressure.
Part A
Compute the temperature at the beginning of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
T₁ =
?
K
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Part B
Compute the temperature at the end of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
Π ΑΣΦ
T₂ =
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Part C
Compute the minimum pressure.
Express your answer in pascals.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
P =
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?
?
K
Pa
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
Τ
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
T
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Chapter 2 Solutions
University Physics Volume 1
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How...Ch. 2 - If the cross product of two vectors vanishes, what...Ch. 2 - If the dot product of two vectors vanishes, what...Ch. 2 - What is the dot product of a vector with the cross...Ch. 2 - A scuba diver makes a slow descent into the depths...Ch. 2 - In a tug-of-war game on one campus, 15 students...Ch. 2 - Suppose you walk 18.0 m straight west and then...Ch. 2 - For the vectors given in the following figure, use...Ch. 2 - A delivery man starts at the post office, chives...Ch. 2 - An adventurous dog strays from home, runs three...Ch. 2 - In an attempt to escape a desert island, a...Ch. 2 - A small plane flies 40.0 km in a direction 60...Ch. 2 - A trapper walks a 5.0-km straigt4ine distance from...Ch. 2 - A surveyor measures the distance across a river...Ch. 2 - A pedestrian walks 6.0 km east and then 13.0 km...Ch. 2 - The magnitudes of two displacement vectors are...Ch. 2 - Assuming the +x -axis is horizontal and points to...Ch. 2 - Suppose you walk 18.0 m straight west and then...Ch. 2 - You drive 7.50 km in a straight line in a...Ch. 2 - A sledge is being pulled by two horses on a flat...Ch. 2 - A trapper walks a 5.0-lan straight-line distance...Ch. 2 - The polar coordinates of a point are 4/3and 5.50...Ch. 2 - Two points in a plane have polar coordinates...Ch. 2 - A chameleon is resting quietly on a lanai screen,...Ch. 2 - Two points in the Cartesian plane are...Ch. 2 - A fly enters through an open window and zooms...Ch. 2 - For vectors and , calculate (a) and its magnitude...Ch. 2 - A particle undergoes three consecutive...Ch. 2 - Given two displacement vectors...Ch. 2 - A small plane flies 40.0 km ma direction 60 north...Ch. 2 - In an attempt to escape a desert island, a...Ch. 2 - Assuming the +x -axis is horizontal to the right...Ch. 2 - Given the vectors in the preceding figure, find...Ch. 2 - A delivery man starts at the post office, drives...Ch. 2 - An adventurous dog strays from home, runs three...Ch. 2 - If , and , find the unknown constants a and b such...Ch. 2 - Given the displacement vector , find the...Ch. 2 - Find the unit vector of direction for the...Ch. 2 - At one point in space, the direction of the...Ch. 2 - A barge is pulled by the two tugboats shown in the...Ch. 2 - In the control tower at a regional airport, an air...Ch. 2 - Assuming the axis is horizontal to the right for...Ch. 2 - Assuming the +x-axis is horizontal to the right...Ch. 2 - Find the angle between vectors for (a)...Ch. 2 - Find the angles that vector makes with the and...Ch. 2 - Show that the force vector is orthogonal to the...Ch. 2 - Assuming the +x-axis is horizontal to the right...Ch. 2 - Find the cross product for (a) and (b) and (c) and...Ch. 2 - For the vectors in the earlier figure, find (a)...Ch. 2 - (a) If AF=BF , can we conclude A=B ? (b) If AF=BF...Ch. 2 - You fly 32.0 km in a straight line in still air in...Ch. 2 - Rectangular coordinates of a point are given by...Ch. 2 - If the polar coordinates of a point are (r,)and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 74APCh. 2 - Starting at the island of Moi in an unknown...Ch. 2 - An air traffic controller notices two signals from...Ch. 2 - Show that when A+B=C then A2+B2+2ABcos , where is...Ch. 2 - Four force vectors each have the same magnitude...Ch. 2 - A skater glides along a circular path of radius...Ch. 2 - A stubborn dog is being walked on a leash by its...Ch. 2 - If the velocity vector of a polar bear is u=(-18.0...Ch. 2 - Find the scalar components of three-dimensional...Ch. 2 - A diver explores a shallow reef off the coast of...Ch. 2 - A force vector A has x and y components,...Ch. 2 - Vectors A and B are two orthogonal vectors in the...Ch. 2 - For the three-dimensional vectors in the following...Ch. 2 - Show that (BC)A is the volume of the...Ch. 2 - Vector B is 5.0 cm long and vector A is 4.0 cm...Ch. 2 - What is the component of the force vector G=(3.0...Ch. 2 - The following figure shows a triangle formed by...Ch. 2 - between points in a plane do not change when a...
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