Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology Plus Mastering A&P with eText - Access Card Package (10th Edition) (New A&P Titles by Ric Martini and Judi Nath)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321908599
Author: Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 13RQ
Special catalytic molecules called _____ speed up
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Cells carry out anabolic as well as catabolic pathways, with some enzymes functioning in both types of pathways. (a) Explain why these enzymes catalyze near-equilibrium reactions. (b) Explain why opposing anabolic and catabolic pathways must have different enzymes for at least one of the steps.
Choose the best description of an enzyme: (a) It allows a chemical reaction to proceed extremely fast. (b) It increases the rate at which a chemical reaction approaches equilibrium relative to its uncatalyzed rate. (c) It makes a reaction thermodynamically favorable.
Enzymes are organic catalysts that (a) alter the direction in which a chemical reaction proceeds, (b) determine the nature of the products of a reaction, (c) increase the speed of a chemical reaction, (d) are essential raw materials for a chemical reaction that are converted into some of its products.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology Plus Mastering A&P with eText - Access Card Package (10th Edition) (New A&P Titles by Ric Martini and Judi Nath)
Ch. 2 - Define atom.Ch. 2 - Atoms of the same element that have different...Ch. 2 - How is it possible for two samples of hydrogen to...Ch. 2 - Prob. 4CPCh. 2 - Prob. 5CPCh. 2 - Both oxygen and neon are gases at room temperature...Ch. 2 - Prob. 7CPCh. 2 - Prob. 8CPCh. 2 - Prob. 9CPCh. 2 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 2 - What is an enzyme?Ch. 2 - Prob. 12CPCh. 2 - Prob. 13CPCh. 2 - Explain how the chemical properties of water make...Ch. 2 - Define pH, and explain how the pH scale relates to...Ch. 2 - What is the significance of pH in physiological...Ch. 2 - Define the following terms: acid, base, and salt.Ch. 2 - Prob. 18CPCh. 2 - Prob. 19CPCh. 2 - Describe lipids.Ch. 2 - Prob. 21CPCh. 2 - Prob. 22CPCh. 2 - Prob. 23CPCh. 2 - Describe a nucleic acid.Ch. 2 - Prob. 25CPCh. 2 - Describe ATP.Ch. 2 - What molecule is produced by the phosphorylation...Ch. 2 - 28. Identify the biochemical building blocks...Ch. 2 - 29. Define metabolic turnover.
Ch. 2 - An oxygen atom has eight protons (a) Sketch in the...Ch. 2 - What is the following type of decomposition...Ch. 2 - The subatomic particle with the least mass (a)...Ch. 2 - Isotopes of an element differ from each other in...Ch. 2 - The number and arrangement of electrons in an...Ch. 2 - All organic compounds in the human body contain...Ch. 2 - A substance containing atoms of different elements...Ch. 2 - All the chemical reactions that occur in the human...Ch. 2 - Which of the following chemical equations...Ch. 2 - Prob. 10RQCh. 2 - A pH of 7.8 in the human body typifies a condition...Ch. 2 - A(n) _____ is a solute that dissociates to release...Ch. 2 - Special catalytic molecules called _____ speed up...Ch. 2 - Which of the following is not a function of a...Ch. 2 - Complementary base pairing in DNA includes the...Ch. 2 - What are the three subatomic panicles in atoms?Ch. 2 - Prob. 17RQCh. 2 - Prob. 18RQCh. 2 - List seven major functions performed by proteins.Ch. 2 - (a) What three basic components make up a...Ch. 2 - What three components are required to create the...Ch. 2 - If a polypeptide contains 10 peptide bonds, how...Ch. 2 - Prob. 23RQCh. 2 - Prob. 24RQCh. 2 - What is a salt? How does a salt differ from an...Ch. 2 - Prob. 26RQCh. 2 - In an exergonic reaction, (a) large molecules are...Ch. 2 - Prob. 28RQCh. 2 - Prob. 29RQCh. 2 - An atom of the element calcium has 20 protons and...Ch. 2 - A certain reaction pathway consists of four steps....Ch. 2 - Prob. 32RQCh. 2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 2 - Prob. 2CC
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- Enzymes (a) speed up reactions that would otherwise occur much more slowly. (b) spur reactions that would otherwise never occur. (c) provide energy for anabolic but not catabolic pathways. (d) are consumed during the reactions they catalyze.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true? For each, explain why or why not. (a) All coenzymes are electrontransfer agents. (b) Coenzymes do not contain phosphorus or sulfur. (c) Generating ATP is a way of storing energy.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true?For each, explain why or why not.(a) All coenzymes are electron-transfer agents.(b) Coenzymes do not contain phosphorus or sulfur.(c) Generating ATP is a way of storing energy.arrow_forward
- A chemical process during which a substance gains electrons and energy is called (a) oxidation (b) oxidative phosphorylation (c) deamination (d) reduction (e) dehydrogenationarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about isozymes is correct? (Select all that apply.) (a) Isozymes allow reactions to be optimized under different conditions. (b) The main reason for isozymes is so that a given reaction is never completely inhibited. (c) Isozymes have completely different active sites. (d) Bind the same substrates but form different products. (e) Isozymes display different physical properties, such as kinetic parameters.arrow_forwarda) Describe a specific chemical reaction that occurs within the human body and state the name of the enzyme involved, the substrate(s) of the reaction, and the specific product(s) formed. b) Enzymes are not used up in chemical reactions. So, what exactly does an enzyme do? In your answer you should refer to activation energy. c) Explain what is meant by the induced fit action of an enzyme, referring to the role of the active site, and to the activation energy of an enzyme-catalysed reaction.arrow_forward
- In a phase I oxidation reaction, a drug is made more polar by the addition of oxygen, generating a functional group. But since a hydrogen may or may not be removed, I'm having trouble understanding what is happening with the electrons and polarity of the parent drug. For example, reduction is supposed to add electrons, resulting in a negative polarity, while oxidation is supposed to remove electrons, resulting in a positive polarity. And Oxidation and reduction always happen together. I'm assuming other elements, such as molecular oxygen and a reducing agent play a role. Could you intuitively explain what is happening? Say if we had cytochrome P450 as the enzyme, NADPH, and anything else required?arrow_forwardThe function of a biochemical pathway is to (a) supply energy to reactions (b) drive a sequence of reactions in a particular direction (c) maintain chemical equilibrium (d) make energy available to endergonic reactions (e) any of the preceding, depending on the pathwayarrow_forward. Choose the pair of terms that correctly completesthis sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as_________ is to _________.(A) exergonic; spontaneous(B) exergonic; endergonic(C) free energy; entropy(D) work; energyarrow_forward
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