ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY THE UNITY OF FORM
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781264807123
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 19.6, Problem 12AYLO
Summary Introduction
To discuss:
The general terms for chemical agents that influence the cardiac contractility with perfect examples.
Introduction:
Myocardial muscles of the heart undergoes severe contraction and relaxation during every heartbeat. This contraction and relaxation is effected by the collagen and elastic fibers in the heart muscles. However, there is a lot of agents that increase the heart contraction rate.
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The ECG records the electrical
stimulation of cardiac muscle by
the conduction system and not
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itself.
True or False
The ECG records the electrical stimulation of cardiac muscle by theconduction system and not the contraction of the muscle itself. True or False
A normal patient has an ECG monitor attached to him/her as he/she starts exercises at the gym. The ECG recording shows a significant increase in heart rate to 220 beats/min after 20 minutes of strenuous exercise. What are the consequences and why?
To answer this, be sure to address blood flow through the heart and what is happening to the blood flow, electrical impulses and pressures during each phase of the ECG (p,q,r,s,t).
Chapter 19 Solutions
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY THE UNITY OF FORM
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.1 - Names of the great vessels directly connected to...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 19.1 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.2 - Relative thickness of the myocardium in different...Ch. 19.2 - Structure and function of the fibrous skeleton of...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.2 - Names and synonyms for all four valves of the...
Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 19.2 - Anatomy of the major veins that drain the...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.3 - Components, of the cardiac conduction system and...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.4 - The mechanism that causes cells of the SA node to...Ch. 19.4 - The spread of excitation through the atria, AV...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.5 - In each phase of the cardiac cycle, which chambers...Ch. 19.5 - The typical duration, in seconds, of atrial...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 29BYGOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 30BYGOCh. 19.6 - The definition of cardiac output (CO); how it can...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 19.6 - Mechanisms by which sympathetic and...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 19.6 - Mechanisms by which epinephrine and...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 12AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 19.6 - Conditions that increase afterload: the effect of...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 16AYLOCh. 19.6 - Why stroke volume may be unusually high and...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 18AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 19AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 20AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 21AYLOCh. 19 - The cardiac conduction system includes all of the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2TYRCh. 19 - Assume that one ventricle of a childs heart has...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 19 - The atria contract during a. the first heart...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 19 - The contraction of any heart chamber is called and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 19 - The circumflex artery travels in a groove called...Ch. 19 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 19 - Electrical signals pass quickly from one...Ch. 19 - Repolarization of the ventricles produces the of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 19 - Blood in the heart chambers is separated from the...Ch. 19 - The Frank-Starling law of the heart explains why...Ch. 19 - atrio-Ch. 19 - brady-Ch. 19 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 19 - lun-Ch. 19 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 19 - One-way valves prevent atrial systole from driving...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3WWTSCh. 19 - Prob. 4WWTSCh. 19 - Prob. 5WWTSCh. 19 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 19 - If all nerves to the heart were severed, the heart...Ch. 19 - If the two pulmonary arteries were clamped shut,...Ch. 19 - Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle cells do...Ch. 19 - An electrocardiogram is a tracing of the action...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1TYCCh. 19 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 19 - Becky, age 2, was born with a hole in her...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYC
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- The abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel is ____________________.arrow_forwardTrue or false: Impulses through the conduction system of the heart follow the ordered path SA node->conduction myofibers->AV bundle->AV node.arrow_forwardWhat is the relation of Electrocardiogram components with Heart function. Please briefly explain at your own words.arrow_forward
- Draw, label, and describe what is occurring in an EKG. Connect electrical activity to a mechanical actionarrow_forwardDefine electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)arrow_forwardAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a rapid and unorganized beating of the upper chambers of the heart. It is generally not life-threatening in the short term, but it dramatically impacts how a patient feels, and it can have bad consequences in the long term. One of those “bad consequences” is stroke, caused by blood clots that can form in the atria when they are “fibrillating” for long periods of time, and the clots subsequently flow to the brain. We are now planning a study to see whether a new therapy (perhaps cryoablation plus a new drug) is better than a control therapy (perhaps cryotherapy plus an old drug) at preventing stroke or death. Our primary endpoint will be a composite of stroke or all-cause mortality, and we will structure this as a time-to-event analysis. We think the new therapy will lead to a reduction in risk of 40% (that is, a hazard ratio of 0.60). How many events must we observe (combined across both therapy groups) in order to have 95% power to detect a reduction…arrow_forward
- Structures in order as it relates to the pathway of blood flow through the heart/body after is leaves the Left ventriclearrow_forwardBlood flow in the heart from right atrium to right ventricle to pulmonary arteries to the lung in order. True Falsearrow_forwardDifference between cardiac arrest and myocardial infarctionarrow_forward
- The elastic properties of the arteries are essential for blood flow. Explain the importance of this in terms of the characteristics of the flow of blood (pulsating or continuous).arrow_forwardAssuming that the cardiac cycle begins at the end of diastole put the following ventricular phases in the correct order of occurrence. Isovolumetric relaxation phase Isovolumetric contraction phase Ejection phase Filling phase > >arrow_forwardWhich of the following conditions can cause irregularities in the sound of the heart? Mild atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. Myocardial infarction Mild mitral valve regurgitation. Moderate bradycardia.arrow_forward
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