ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY THE UNITY OF FORM
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781264807123
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 19, Problem 9WWTS
Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle cells do not have a stable resting membrane potential.
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Why is the plateau phase important in cardiac muscle cells?
Please fill in the blanks:
A(n) ["action potential", "muscle twitch", "contraction"] consists of a wave of depolarization that moves along the plasma membrane of a neuron or a muscle fiber. This wave of depolarization is immediately followed by repolarization.
Depolarization is when the cell's membrane potential becomes more ["resting", "negative", "positive"] .
Depolarization occurs when calcium channels open in the plasma membrane.
Repolarization is when the cell's membrane potential becomes more ["resting", "positive", "negative"] , returning the cell to its resting potential.
Repolarization occurs when ["calcium", "sodium", "potassium"] channels close and ["sodium", "calcium", "potassium"] channels open.
What type of intercellular communication do cardiac muscle cells use to transmit electrical signals?
What other type of muscle cell uses this method to transmit electrical signals?
Chapter 19 Solutions
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY THE UNITY OF FORM
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.1 - Names of the great vessels directly connected to...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 19.1 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.2 - Relative thickness of the myocardium in different...Ch. 19.2 - Structure and function of the fibrous skeleton of...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.2 - Names and synonyms for all four valves of the...
Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 19.2 - Anatomy of the major veins that drain the...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.3 - Components, of the cardiac conduction system and...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.4 - The mechanism that causes cells of the SA node to...Ch. 19.4 - The spread of excitation through the atria, AV...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.5 - In each phase of the cardiac cycle, which chambers...Ch. 19.5 - The typical duration, in seconds, of atrial...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 29BYGOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 30BYGOCh. 19.6 - The definition of cardiac output (CO); how it can...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 19.6 - Mechanisms by which sympathetic and...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 19.6 - Mechanisms by which epinephrine and...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 12AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 19.6 - Conditions that increase afterload: the effect of...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 16AYLOCh. 19.6 - Why stroke volume may be unusually high and...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 18AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 19AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 20AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 21AYLOCh. 19 - The cardiac conduction system includes all of the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2TYRCh. 19 - Assume that one ventricle of a childs heart has...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 19 - The atria contract during a. the first heart...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 19 - The contraction of any heart chamber is called and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 19 - The circumflex artery travels in a groove called...Ch. 19 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 19 - Electrical signals pass quickly from one...Ch. 19 - Repolarization of the ventricles produces the of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 19 - Blood in the heart chambers is separated from the...Ch. 19 - The Frank-Starling law of the heart explains why...Ch. 19 - atrio-Ch. 19 - brady-Ch. 19 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 19 - lun-Ch. 19 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 19 - One-way valves prevent atrial systole from driving...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3WWTSCh. 19 - Prob. 4WWTSCh. 19 - Prob. 5WWTSCh. 19 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 19 - If all nerves to the heart were severed, the heart...Ch. 19 - If the two pulmonary arteries were clamped shut,...Ch. 19 - Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle cells do...Ch. 19 - An electrocardiogram is a tracing of the action...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1TYCCh. 19 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 19 - Becky, age 2, was born with a hole in her...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYC
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- During a histological examination of muscle tissue you see a cell that is striated. You determine that it is a cardiac myocyte because it Possesses multiple nuclei per cell O Contains neuromuscular junctions Has intercalated disks with one nucleus per cell Is spindle shaped with a single nucleus Lacks intercalated disksarrow_forwardBriefly describe one voltage-gated ion channel and two protein pumps found in the heart. In your answer, you should explain how the voltage-gated ion channel responds to voltage changes and how it controls which ions pass through the channel. For the protein pumps, be sure to describe the structure of the protein pump and any conformational changes that it goes through. Additionally, you should briefly explain the importance of each ion channel or pump for the normal functioning of the cardiac muscle.arrow_forwardThe resting potential is dependent upon the electrochemical gradient for potassium ions because: The permeability of the resting membrane to potassium is higher than for other ions Of the activity of the sodium/potassium ATPase pump Cells contain largely potassium The permeability to sodium ions is very small except during action potentialsarrow_forward
- The electrochemical gradient of a muscle cell at rest or its resting membrane potential is slightly negative inside the plasma membrane and slightly positive just outside the plasma membrane and has an ionic gradient of more potassium ions inside the cell and more sodium ions outside the cell. Therefore, a muscle cell at rest is said to be __________________ and has membrane potential. about to exocytose synaptic vesicles containing acetylcholine polarized experiencing an action potential about to allow an influx of potassium ions into the cell depolarizedarrow_forwardWhy can we say that cardiac muscle contraction is graded?arrow_forwardThe voltage produced by a single nerve or muscle cell is quite small, but there are many species of fish that use multiple action potentials in series to produce significant voltages. The electric organs in these fish are composed of specialized disk-shaped cells called electrocytes. The cell at rest has the usual potential difference between the inside and the outside, but the net potential difference across the cell is zero. An electrocyte is connected to nerve fibers that initially trigger a depolarization in one side of the cell but not the other. For the very short time of this depolarization, there is a net potential difference across the cell, as shown. Stacks of these cells connected in series can produce a large total voltage. Each stack can produce a small current; for more total current, more stacks are needed, connected in parallel. In an electric eel, each electrocyte can develop a voltage of 150 mV for a short time. For a total voltage of 450 V, how many electrocytes must…arrow_forward
- Why is Excitation Contraction Coupling important?arrow_forwardPlease describe the connection between neurotransmitters and sarcomeresarrow_forwardCurare is a dangerous poison extract from plants that can block the binding site of Acetylcholine receptor channels in neuromuscular junctions. Which of the following molecular events will curare directly inhibit or prevent from occurring? Action potential traveling down the sarcoplasmic reticulum End-plate potential forming Release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum Release of Acetylcholine from axon terminalsarrow_forward
- Sodium chloride potassium pumps are vital to neurons because they create a change in membrane potential. How do they accomplish this? Please write 5-10 sentencesarrow_forwardPut these events in the correct chronological sequence: 1. End-plate potentials trigger action potentials. 2. Transverse tubules convey potentials into the interior of the cell. 3. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the motor end plate. 4. Binding sites on actin are uncovered, allowing myosin to bind and carry out power strokes. 5. Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 6. Chemically regulated ion channels open, causing depolarization. 7. Ca2+ ions bind to troponin-C, pulling on tropomyosin. A) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4, 7,6 B) 3, 6, 1, 2, 5, 7, 4 C) 4, 1, 3, 7, 2, 6, 5 D) 2, 4, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5 E) 3, 6, 1, 5, 7, 2, 4arrow_forwardPlace the following events in the correct order 1.depolarasatin reaches the nrve terminal 2.diffusion of the calcuim into the cell 3.vesicle containing neurotransmitter reaches the cell membrane 4.exocytosis 6.large amount of neurotransmitters is broken dow and reuptake takes place 7.Binding of the neurotransmittor to the postsynaptic membrane 8.neurotransmitter reaches the synaptic cliffarrow_forward
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