Chapter 19, Problem 80GQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It has to be predicted whether the potential for the voltaic cell will be higher, lower or same as the standard potential and the verification of the prediction also has to be done.

Concept introduction:

According to the first law of thermodynamics, the change in internal energy of a system is equal ti the heat added to the sysytem minus the work done by the system.

The equation is as follows.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{ΔU = Q - W}\\ \text{ΔU = Change in internal energy}\\ \text{Q = Heat added to the system}\\ \text{W=Work done by the system}\end{array}$

In voltaic cell, the maximum cell potential is directly related to the free energy difference between the reactants and products in the cell.

$\begin{array}{c}{\text{ΔG}}^{\text{0}}{\text{= -nFE}}^{\text{0}}\\ \text{n = Number of moles transferred per mole of reactant and products}\\ \text{F = Faradayconstant=96485C/mol}\\ {\text{ E}}^{\text{0}}\text{= Volts = Work(J)/Charge(C)}\end{array}$

The relation between standard cell potential and equilibrium constant is as follows.

$\text{lnK = }\frac{{\text{nE}}^{\text{0}}}{\text{0}\text{.0257}}\text{ at 298K}$

The relation between solubility product ${\text{K}}_{\text{sp}}$ and equilibrium constant is as follows.

${\text{K}}_{\text{sp}}{\text{= e}}^{\text{+lnK}}$