Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19, Problem 19PS

Balance each of the following unbalanced equations; then calculate the standard potential, E°, and decide whether each is product favored at equilibrium as written. (All reactions are carried out in acid solution.)

  1. (a) Sn2+(aq) + Ag(s) → Sn(s) + Ag+(aq)
  2. (b) Al(s) + Sn4+(aq) → Sn2+(aq) +Al3+(aq)
  3. (c) ClO3(aq) + Ce3+(aq) → Cl2(g) + Ce4+(aq)
  4. (d) Cu(s) + NO3 (aq) → Cu2+(aq) + NO(g)

a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Eo value of the given reaction has to be determined and has to decide whether it is a product favoured at equilibrium in the direction.

a) Sn2+(aq) + Ag(s) Sn(s)+Ag+(aq)b) Al(s) + Sn4+(aq) Sn2+(aq)+Al3+(aq)c)  ClO3-(aq) + Ce3+  Cl2(g)+Ce4+(aq)d) Cu(s) + NO3-(aq) Cu2+(aq)+NO(g)

Concept introduction:

Electrochemical cells:

In this type of cells, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.

In all electrochemical cells, oxidation occurs at anode and reduction occurs at cathode.

An anode is indicated by negative sign and cathode is indicated by the positive sign.

Electrons flow in the external circuit from the anode to the cathode.

In the electrochemical cells two half cells are connected with salt bridge. It allows the cations and anions to move between the two half cells.

Under certain conditions a cell potential is measured it is called as standard potential (Ecello).

Standard potential (Ecello) can be calculated by the following formula.

Ecello=Ecathodeo-Eanodeo

The Ecello value is positive, the reaction is predicted to be product favoured at equilibrium.

The Ecello value is negative, the reaction is predicted to be reactant favoured at equilibrium.

Answer to Problem 19PS

Ecello= -0.94 V

The value is negative, therefore it is not product favoured.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is as follows.

Sn2+(aq) + Ag(s) Sn(s)+Ag+(aq)

Balance the each half reaction:

Sn2+(aq) + 2e- Sn(s)Ag(s)  Ag+(aq) + e-

Find the overall reaction.

Sn2+(aq) + 2e- Sn(s)2[Ag(s)  Ag+(aq) + e-]_________________________Sn2+(aq)+2Ag(s) Sn(s)+2Ag+(Aq)

Let’s write the half reactions:

At anode:Oxidation:  Ag(s) Ag+(aq) +e-At cathode:Reduction: Sn2+(aq) + e-  Sn(s)

Let’s calculate the Ecello value.

Ecello= Ecathodeo-Eanodeo= (-0.14 V) + (- 0.80 V)= - 0.94 V

The value is negative, therefore it is not product favoured.

b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Eo value of the given reaction has to be determined and has to decide whether it is a product favoured at equilibrium in the direction.

a) Sn2+(aq) + Ag(s) Sn(s)+Ag+(aq)b) Al(s) + Sn4+(aq) Sn2+(aq)+Al3+(aq)c)  ClO3-(aq) + Ce3+  Cl2(g)+Ce4+(aq)d) Cu(s) + NO3-(aq) Cu2+(aq)+NO(g)

Concept introduction:

Electrochemical cells:

In this type of cells, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.

In all electrochemical cells, oxidation occurs at anode and reduction occurs at cathode.

An anode is indicated by negative sign and cathode is indicated by the positive sign.

Electrons flow in the external circuit from the anode to the cathode.

In the electrochemical cells two half cells are connected with salt bridge. It allows the cations and anions to move between the two half cells.

Under certain conditions a cell potential is measured it is called as standard potential (Ecello).

Standard potential (Ecello) can be calculated by the following formula.

Ecello=Ecathodeo-Eanodeo

The Ecello value is positive, the reaction is predicted to be product favoured at equilibrium.

The Ecello value is negative, the reaction is predicted to be reactant favoured at equilibrium.

Answer to Problem 19PS

Ecello= +1.81  V

The value is positive, therefore it is a product favoured.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is as follows.

Al(s) + Sn4+(aq) Sn2+(aq)+Al3+(aq)

Balance the each half reaction:

Sn4+(aq) + 2e- Sn2+(s)Al(s)  Al3+(aq) + 3e-

Find the overall reaction.

3[Sn4+(aq) + 2e- Sn2+(s)2[Al(s)  Al3+(aq) + 3e-]_________________________2Al(s) + 3Sn4+(s) 3Sn2+(aq) + 2Al3+(aq)

Let’s write the half reactions:

At anode:Oxidation:  Al(s)  Al3+(aq)+ 3e-At cathode:Reduction: Sn4+(aq)+2e-  Sn2+(aq)

Let’s calculate the Ecello value.

Ecello= Ecathodeo-Eanodeo= (+1.66 V) + (+0.15 V)= +1.81 V

The value is positive, therefore it is a product favoured.

c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Eo value of the given reaction has to be determined and has to decide whether it is a product favoured at equilibrium in the direction.

a) Sn2+(aq) + Ag(s) Sn(s)+Ag+(aq)b) Al(s) + Sn4+(aq) Sn2+(aq)+Al3+(aq)c)  ClO3-(aq) + Ce3+  Cl2(g)+Ce4+(aq)d) Cu(s) + NO3-(aq) Cu2+(aq)+NO(g)

Concept introduction:

Electrochemical cells:

In this type of cells,  chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.

In all electrochemical cells, oxidation occurs at anode and reduction occurs at cathode.

An anode is indicated by negative sign and cathode is indicated by the positive sign.

Electrons flow in the external circuit from the anode to the cathode.

In the electrochemical cells two half cells are connected with salt bridge. It allows the cations and anions to move between the two half cells.

Under certain conditions a cell potential is measured it is called as standard potential (Ecello).

Standard potential (Ecello) can be calculated by the following formula.

Ecello=Ecathodeo-Eanodeo

The Ecello value is positive, the reaction is predicted to be product favoured at equilibrium.

The Ecello value is negative, the reaction is predicted to be reactant favoured at equilibrium.

Answer to Problem 19PS

Ecello= -0.14 V

The value is negative, therefore it is  not a product favoured

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is as follows.

ClO3-(aq) + Ce3+  Cl2(g)+Ce4+(aq)

Balance the each half reaction:

2ClO3-(aq) + 12H++10e- Cl2(g) + 6H2OCe3+(aq) Ce4+(aq) + e-

The second equation is multiply with 10 .we get equal number of electrons.

2ClO3-(aq) + 12H++10e- Cl2(g) + 6H2O10Ce3+(aq) 10Ce4+(aq) +10 e-

Find the overall reaction.

2ClO3-(aq) + 12H++10e- Cl2(g) + 6H2O10Ce3+(aq)  10Ce4+(aq) +10 e-______________________________________________2ClO3-(aq) + 10Ce3+(aq) + 12H+ Cl2(g) + 10Ce4+(aq) + 6H2O

Let’s write the half reactions:

At anode:Oxidation:  Ce3+(aq)  Ce4+(aq) + e-At cathode:Reduction: 2ClO3(aq)+12H++10e  Cl2(g) + 6H2O(l)

Let’s calculate the Ecello value.

Ecello= Ecathodeo-Eanodeo= 1.47 V+(- 1.61 V)= -0.14 V 

The value is negative, therefore it is not a product favoured.

d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Eo value of the given reaction has to be determined and has to decide whether it is a product favoured at equilibrium in the direction.

a) Sn2+(aq) + Ag(s) Sn(s)+Ag+(aq)b) Al(s) + Sn4+(aq) Sn2+(aq)+Al3+(aq)c)  ClO3-(aq) + Ce3+  Cl2(g)+Ce4+(aq)d) Cu(s) + NO3-(aq) Cu2+(aq)+NO(g)

Concept introduction:

Electrochemical cells:

In this type of cells, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.

In all electrochemical cells, oxidation occurs at anode and reduction occurs at cathode.

An anode is indicated by negative sign and cathode is indicated by the positive sign.

Electrons flow in the external circuit from the anode to the cathode.

In the electrochemical cells two half cells are connected with salt bridge. It allows the cations and anions to move between the two half cells.

Under certain conditions a cell potential is measured it is called as standard potential (Ecello).

Standard potential (Ecello) can be calculated by the following formula.

Ecello=Ecathodeo-Eanodeo

The Ecello value is positive, the reaction is predicted to be product favoured at equilibrium.

The Ecello value is negative, the reaction is predicted to be reactant favoured at equilibrium.

Answer to Problem 19PS

Ecello= +0.62 V

The value is positive, therefore it is a product favoured.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is as follows.

Cu(s) + NO3-(aq) Cu2+(aq)+NO(g)

Balance the each half reaction:

NO3-(aq) + 4H++3e- NO(g) + 2H2O(l)Cu(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2e-

The first equation is multiplied with 3 and second equation is multiply with 2.we get equal number of electrons.

2NO3-(aq) + 8H++6e- 2NO(g) + 4H2O(l)3Cu(s) 3Cu2+(aq) + 6e-

Find the overall reaction.

2NO3-(aq) + 8H++6e- 2NO(g) + 4H2O(l)3Cu(s) 3Cu2+(aq) + 6e-__________________________________________________3Cu(s) + 2NO3-(aq) + 8H+ 3Cu2+(aq) + 2NO(g) + 4H2O(l)

Let’s write the half reactions:

At anode:Oxidation:  Cu(s)  Cu2+(aq)+ 2e-At cathode:Reduction: NO3-(aq) +4H+(g)+ 3e-  NO(g) +2H2O(l)

Let’s calculate the Ecello value.

Ecello= Ecathodeo-Eanodeo= (-0.734  V) + 0.96 V= -0.62 V

The value is negative, therefore it is not  product favoured.

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Chapter 19 Solutions

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 1RCCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2RCCh. 19.4 - (a) Rank the following metals in their ability to...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 1RCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2RCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3RCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1QCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2QCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3QCh. 19.5 - A voltaic cell is set up with an aluminum...Ch. 19.5 - Check Your Understanding The half-cells Fe2+(aq,...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 1RCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 19.6 - Calculate the equilibrium constant at 25 C for the...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 19.7 - Predict the chemical reactions that will occur at...Ch. 19.7 - Prob. 1RCCh. 19.8 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 19.8 - 1. 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All occur...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6PSCh. 19 - A voltaic cell is constructed using the reaction...Ch. 19 - A voltaic cell is constructed using the reaction...Ch. 19 - The half-cells Fe2+(aq) | Fe(s) and O2(g) | H2O...Ch. 19 - The half cells Sn2+(aq) |Sn(s) and Cl2(g) |Cl(aq)...Ch. 19 - For each of the following electrochemical cells,...Ch. 19 - For each of the following electrochemical cells,...Ch. 19 - Use cell notation to depict an electrochemical...Ch. 19 - Use cell notation to depict an electrochemical...Ch. 19 - What are the similarities and differences between...Ch. 19 - What reactions occur when a lead storage battery...Ch. 19 - Calculate the value of E for each of the following...Ch. 19 - Calculate the value of E for each of the following...Ch. 19 - Balance each of the following unbalanced...Ch. 19 - Balance each of the following unbalanced...Ch. 19 - Consider the following half-reactions: (a) Based...Ch. 19 - Prob. 22PSCh. 19 - Which of the following elements is the best...Ch. 19 - Prob. 24PSCh. 19 - Which of the following ions is most easily...Ch. 19 - From the following list, identify the ions that...Ch. 19 - (a) Which halogen is most easily reduced in acidic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 28PSCh. 19 - Calculate the potential delivered by a voltaic...Ch. 19 - Calculate the potential developed by a voltaic...Ch. 19 - One half-cell in a voltaic cell is constructed...Ch. 19 - One half-cell in a voltaic cell is constructed...Ch. 19 - One half-cell in a voltaic cell is constructed...Ch. 19 - One half-cell in a voltaic cell is constructed...Ch. 19 - Calculate rG and the equilibrium constant for the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 36PSCh. 19 - Use standard reduction potentials (Appendix M) for...Ch. 19 - Use the standard reduction potentials (Appendix M)...Ch. 19 - Use the standard reduction potentials (Appendix M)...Ch. 19 - Use the standard reduction potentials (Appendix M)...Ch. 19 - Prob. 41PSCh. 19 - Prob. 42PSCh. 19 - Which product, O2 or F2, is more likely to form at...Ch. 19 - Which product, Ca or H2, is more likely to form at...Ch. 19 - An aqueous solution of KBr is placed in a beaker...Ch. 19 - An aqueous solution of Na2S is placed in a beaker...Ch. 19 - In the electrolysis of a solution containing...Ch. 19 - In the electrolysis of a solution containing...Ch. 19 - Electrolysis of a solution of CuSO4(aq) to give...Ch. 19 - Electrolysis of a solution of Zn(NO3)2(aq) to give...Ch. 19 - A voltaic cell can be built using the reaction...Ch. 19 - Assume the specifications of a Ni-Cd voltaic cell...Ch. 19 - Prob. 53GQCh. 19 - Balance the following equations. (a) Zn(s) +...Ch. 19 - Magnesium metal is oxidized, and silver ions are...Ch. 19 - You want to set up a series of voltaic cells with...Ch. 19 - Prob. 57GQCh. 19 - Prob. 58GQCh. 19 - In the table of standard reduction potentials,...Ch. 19 - Prob. 60GQCh. 19 - Four voltaic cells are set up. In each, one...Ch. 19 - The following half-cells are available: (i)...Ch. 19 - Prob. 63GQCh. 19 - Prob. 64GQCh. 19 - A potential of 0.142 V is recorded (under standard...Ch. 19 - Prob. 66GQCh. 19 - The standard potential, E, for the reaction of...Ch. 19 - An electrolysis cell for aluminum production...Ch. 19 - Electrolysis of molten NaCl is done in cells...Ch. 19 - A current of 0.0100 A is passed through a solution...Ch. 19 - A current of 0.44 A is passed through a solution...Ch. 19 - Prob. 72GQCh. 19 - Prob. 73GQCh. 19 - Prob. 74GQCh. 19 - The products formed in the electrolysis of aqueous...Ch. 19 - Predict the products formed in the electrolysis of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 77GQCh. 19 - The metallurgy of aluminum involves electrolysis...Ch. 19 - Prob. 79GQCh. 19 - Prob. 80GQCh. 19 - Prob. 81GQCh. 19 - Prob. 82GQCh. 19 - Two Ag+(aq) | Ag(s) half-cells are constructed....Ch. 19 - Calculate equilibrium constants for the following...Ch. 19 - Prob. 85GQCh. 19 - Use the table of standard reduction potentials...Ch. 19 - Prob. 87GQCh. 19 - Prob. 88GQCh. 19 - Prob. 89GQCh. 19 - A voltaic cell is constructed in which one...Ch. 19 - An expensive but lighter alternative to the lead...Ch. 19 - The specifications for a lead storage battery...Ch. 19 - Manganese may play an important role in chemical...Ch. 19 - Prob. 94GQCh. 19 - Iron(II) ion undergoes a disproportionation...Ch. 19 - Copper(I) ion disproportionates to copper metal...Ch. 19 - Prob. 97GQCh. 19 - Prob. 98GQCh. 19 - Consider an electrochemical cell based on the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 100ILCh. 19 - A silver coulometer (Study Question 106) was used...Ch. 19 - Four metals, A, B, C, and D, exhibit the following...Ch. 19 - Prob. 103ILCh. 19 - The amount of oxygen, O2, dissolved in a water...Ch. 19 - Prob. 105SCQCh. 19 - The free energy change for a reaction, rG, is the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 107SCQCh. 19 - (a) Is it easier to reduce water in acid or base?...Ch. 19 - Prob. 109SCQ
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