Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function (Standalone Book)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073403717
Author: Kenneth S. Saladin Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 19, Problem 6TYR
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Circulatory system in the human body is divided into two systems namely pulmonary and systemic circulation. Pulmonary circulation deals with the transport of deoxygenated blood, and the systemic circulation deals with the oxygenated blood circulation.
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Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
foraging/diet type
teeth
tongue
stomach
intestines
cecum
Insectivory
numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew
--
simple
short
mostly lacking
Myrmecophagy
absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater
extremely long
simple, often roughened
short
small or lacking
Terrestrial carnivory
sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog
--
simple
short
small
Aquatic carnivory
homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin
--
simple or multichambered (cetaceans only)
variable
small or absent
Sanguinivory
very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat
grooved
tubular, highly extensible
long
small or lacking
Herbivory (except nectivores)
incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver
--
simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants)
long
large
Filter feeding
none…
3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species
(A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your
answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the
diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences?
Species A
3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3
པར『ན་
cm 30
Species B
4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4
cm 10
Species C
0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3
020
Chapter 19 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function (Standalone Book)
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1BYGOCh. 19.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 19.1 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.1 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.1 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 19.1 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 4BYGOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 5BYGOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 6BYGO
Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 9BYGOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 20BYGOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 21BYGOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 22BYGOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 23BYGOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 24BYGOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 25BYGOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 26BYGOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 27BYGOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 12AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 15AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 16AYLOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 17AYLOCh. 19 - The cardiac conduction system includes all of the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2TYRCh. 19 - Assume that one ventricle of a childs heart has...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 19 - The atria contract during a. the first heart...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 19 - The contraction of any heart chamber is called and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 19 - The circumflex artery travels in a groove called...Ch. 19 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 19 - Electrical signals pass quickly from one...Ch. 19 - Repolarization of the ventricles produces the of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 19 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 19 - Blood in the heart chambers is separated from the...Ch. 19 - The Frank-Starling law of the heart explains why...Ch. 19 - atrio-Ch. 19 - brady-Ch. 19 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 19 - lun-Ch. 19 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 19 - Prob. 1TFCh. 19 - Prob. 2TFCh. 19 - Prob. 3TFCh. 19 - Prob. 4TFCh. 19 - Prob. 5TFCh. 19 - Prob. 6TFCh. 19 - If all nerves to the heart were severed, the heart...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8TFCh. 19 - Prob. 9TFCh. 19 - An electrocardiogram is a tracing of the action...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1TYCCh. 19 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 19 - Becky, age 2, was born with a hole in her...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYC
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