0 A Very Brief History Of Chemistr 1 Scientific Measurement 2 Elements, Compounds, And The Periodic Table 3 The Mole And Stoichiometry 4 Molecular View Of Reactions In Aqueous Solutions 5 Oxidation–reduction Reaction 6 Energy And Chemical Change 7 The Quantum Mechanical Atom 8 The Basics Of Chemical Bonding 9 Theories Of Bonding And Structure 10 Properties Of Gases 11 Intermolecular Attractions And The Properties Of Liquids And Solids 12 Mixtures At The Molecular Level: Properties Of Solutions 13 Chemical Kinetic 14 Chemical Equilibrium 15 Acids And Bases, A Molecular Look 16 Acid–base Equilibria In Aqueous Solutions 17 Solubility And Simultaneous Equilibria 18 Thermodynamics 19 Electrochemistry 20 Nuclear Reactions And Their Role In Chemistry 21 Metal Complexes 22 Organic Compounds, Polymers, And Biochemicals expand_more
Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 1PE: Sketch and label a galvanic cell that makes use of the following spontaneous redox reaction.
Write... Problem 2PE: Write the anode and cathode half-reactions for the following galvanic cell. Write the equation for... Problem 3PE: Copper metal and zinc metal will both reduce Ag+ ions under standard state conditions. Which metal... Problem 4PE: A galvanic cell has a standard cell potential of 1.93 V. One of the half-cells contains as the... Problem 5PE: Using the positions of the respective half-reactions in Table 19.1, predict whether the following... Problem 6PE: Use the positions of the half-reactions in Table 19.1 to predict the spontaneous reaction when are... Problem 7PE: What are the overall cell reaction and the standard cell potential of a galvanic cell employing the... Problem 8PE: What are the overall cell reaction and the standard cell potential of a galvanic cell employing the... Problem 9PE: A 1.0 M solution of copper(II) perchlorate and 1.0 M chromium(III) nitrate along with some copper... Problem 10PE: A galvanic cell is constructed with two platinum electrodes and one beaker containing 1.0 M iron(II)... Problem 11PE Problem 12PE: Under standard state conditions, which of the following reactions occur spontaneously? Justify your... Problem 13PE: A certain reaction has an Ecello of 0.107 volts and has a G of 30.9 kJ. How many moles of electrons... Problem 14PE: Calculate G for the reactions that take place in the galvanic cells as written in Practice Exercises... Problem 15PE: The calculated standard cell potential for the reaction
is . Calculate for this reaction as... Problem 16PE: Use the following half-reactions and the data in Table 19.1 to write the spontaneous reaction. Write... Problem 17PE: A galvanic cell is constructed with a copper electrode dipping into a 0.015 M solution of Cu2+ ions... Problem 18PE: In Example 19.9, assume all conditions are the same except for the pH. At what pH will the cell... Problem 19PE: In the analysis of two other water samples by the procedure described in Example 19.10, cell... Problem 20PE: A galvanic cell is constructed with a copper electrode dipping into a 0.015 M solution of Cu2+ ions,... Problem 21PE: In the electrolysis of an aqueous solution containing Fe2+andI-, what product do we expect at the... Problem 22PE: In the electrolysis of an aqueous solution containing both Cd2+andSn2+, what product do we expect at... Problem 23PE: How many moles of hydroxide ion will be produced at the cathode during the electrolysis of water... Problem 24PE: How many minutes will it take for a current of 14.0 A to deposit 3.00 g of gold from a solution of... Problem 25PE: What current must be supplied to deposit 0.0500 g of gold from a solution of AuCl3 in 20.0 min? Problem 26PE: Suppose the solutions in the galvanic cell depicted in Figure 19.2 (Section 19.1) have a volume of... Problem 1RQ: Galvanic Cells What is a galvanic cell? What is a half-cell? Problem 2RQ: Galvanic Cells
19.2 What is the function of a salt bridge?
Problem 3RQ: Galvanic Cells In a coppersilver cell, why must the Cu2+andAg+ solutions be kept in separate... Problem 4RQ: Galvanic Cells What is the general name we give to reactions that take place at the anode and those... Problem 5RQ: Galvanic Cells In a galvanic cell, do electrons travel from anode to cathode, or from cathode to... Problem 6RQ: Galvanic Cells Explain how the movement of the ions relative to the electrodes is the same in both... Problem 7RQ: Galvanic Cells
19.7 Aluminum will displace tin from solution according to the equation
What would... Problem 8RQ: Galvanic Cells
19.8 Make a sketch of the galvanic cell in Review Question 19.7.
19.7 Aluminum will... Problem 9RQ: Galvanic Cells 19.9 Make a sketch of a galvanic cell for which the cell notation is Fe(s)| Fe3+(aq)... Problem 10RQ: Galvanic Cells Make a sketch of a galvanic cell represented by the following cell notation:... Problem 11RQ Problem 12RQ: Cell Potentials How are standard reduction potentials combined to give the standard cell potential... Problem 13RQ: If you set up a galvanic cell using metals not found in Table 19.1, what experimental information... Problem 14RQ: Cell Potentials Galvanic cells are set up so that the cell potential always has a positive sign.... Problem 15RQ: Utilizing Standard Reduction Potentials Describe the hydrogen electrode. What is the value of its... Problem 16RQ: Utilizing Standard Reduction Potentials What do the positive and negative signs of reduction... Problem 17RQ Problem 18RQ: Utilizing Standard Reduction Potentials Describe how to experimentally determine the standard... Problem 19RQ Problem 20RQ Problem 21RQ:
19.21 What is the equation that relates the equilibrium constant to the cell potential?
Problem 22RQ: EcelloandG Show how the equation that relates the equilibrium constant to the cell potential... Problem 23RQ: Ecello and G What is the cell potential of a galvanic cell when the cell reaction has reached... Problem 24RQ: Cell Potentials and Concentration 19.24 The cell reaction during the discharge of a lead storage... Problem 25RQ: Cell Potentials and Concentration What is a concentration cell? Why is the Ecell equal to zero for... Problem 26RQ: Cell Potentials and Concentration Describe what happens if a galvanic cell is short circuited by... Problem 27RQ: Electricity What are the anode and cathode reactions during the discharge of a lead storage battery?... Problem 28RQ Problem 29RQ: Electricity
19.29 How is a hydrometer constructed? How does it measure density? Why can a hydrometer... Problem 30RQ: lectricity What reactions occur at the electrodes in the ordinary dry cell? Problem 31RQ: Electricity
19.31 What chemical reactions take place at the electrodes in an alkaline dry cell?
Problem 32RQ Problem 33RQ: Electricity
19.33 What are the anode, cathode, and net cell reactions that take place in a... Problem 34RQ: Electricity Give two reasons why lithium is such an attractive anode material for use in a battery.... Problem 35RQ: Electricity What are the electrode materials in a typical primary lithium cell? Write the equations... Problem 36RQ: Electricity
19.36 What are the electrode materials in a typical lithium ion cell? Explain what... Problem 37RQ Problem 38RQ: Electricity Write the cathode, anode, and net cell reaction in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. Problem 39RQ: Electricity What advantages do fuel cells offer over conventional means of obtaining electrical... Problem 40RQ: Electrolytic Cells What electrical charges do the anode and the cathode carry in an electrolytic... Problem 41RQ: Electrolytic Cells
19.41 Why must electrolysis reactions occur at the electrodes in order for... Problem 42RQ: Electrolytic Cells Why must NaCl be melted before it is electrolyzed to give Na and Cl2? Write the... Problem 43RQ: Electrolytic Cells Write half-reactions for the oxidation and the reduction of water. Problem 44RQ: Electrolytic Cells
19.44 What happens to the pH of the solution near the cathode and anode during... Problem 45RQ: Electrolysis Stoichiometry
19.45 What is a faraday? What relationships relate faradays to current... Problem 46RQ: Electrolysis Stoichiometry
19.46 Using the same current, which will require the greater length of... Problem 47RQ: Electrolysis Stoichiometry
19.47 An electric current is passed through two electrolysis cells... Problem 48RQ: Electrolysis Stoichiometry
19.48 An electric current is passed through two electrolysis cells... Problem 49RQ: Practical Applications of Electrolysis What is electroplating? Sketch an apparatus to electroplate... Problem 50RQ: Practical Applications of Electrolysis
19.50 Describe the Hall-Héroult process for producing... Problem 51RQ: Practical Applications of Electrolysis In the Hall-Hroult process, why must the carbon anodes be... Problem 52RQ Problem 53RQ: Practical Applications of Electrolysis Describe the electrolytic refining of copper. What economic... Problem 54RQ Problem 55RQ: Galvanic Cells Write the half-reactions and the balanced cell reaction for the following galvanic... Problem 56RQ: Galvanic Cells Write the half-react ions and the balanced cell reaction for the following galvanic... Problem 57RQ: Write the cell notation for the following galvanic cells. For half-reactions in which all the... Problem 58RQ: Write the cell notation for the following galvanic cells. For half-reactions in which all the... Problem 59RQ: For each pair of substances, use Table 19.l to choose the better reducing agent.... Problem 60RQ: 19.60 For each pair of substances, use Table 19.1 to choose the better oxidizing agent.
Problem 61RQ: Use the data in Table 19.1 to calculate the standard cell potential for each of the following... Problem 62RQ: 19.62 Use the data in Table 19.1 to calculate the standard cell potential.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Problem 63RQ: From the positions of the half-reactions in Table 19.1, determine whether the following reactions... Problem 64RQ: Use the data in Table 19.1 to determine which of the following reactions should occur spontaneously... Problem 65RQ: 19.65 From the half-reactions below, determine the call reaction and standard cell potential.... Problem 66RQ: 19.66 What is the standard cell potential and the net reaction in a galvanic cell that has the... Problem 67RQ: What will be the spontaneous reaction among H2SO3,S2O32-,HOCl,andCl2? The half-reactions involved... Problem 68RQ: What will be the spontaneous reaction among Br2,I2,Br-,andI-? Problem 69RQ: Will the following reaction occur spontaneously under standard state conditions?... Problem 70RQ: Determine whether the reaction: S2O82-+Ni(OH)2+2OH-2SO42-+NiO2+2H2O will occur spontaneously under... Problem 71RQ:
19.71 Calculate for the following reaction as written
Problem 72RQ: EcellandG Calculate G for the reaction 2MnO4-+6H++5HCHO2 2Mn2++8H2O+5CO2 2Mn2++8H2O+5CO2 For which... Problem 73RQ: Given the following half-reactions and their standard reduction potentials, 2ClO3-+12H++10e-Cl2+6H2O... Problem 74RQ: Calculate Kc for the system Ni2++CoNi+Co2+ Use the data in Table 19.1 and assume T=298K. TABLE 19.1... Problem 75RQ: 19.75 The system
has a calculated What is the value of Kc for this system?
Problem 76RQ: Determine the value of Kc at 25C for the reaction 2H2O+2Cl24H++4Cl-+O2 Problem 77RQ: Cell Potentials and Concentrations 19.77 The cell reaction... Problem 78RQ: Cell Potentials and Concentrations
19.78 The for the reaction
What is ,
?
Problem 79RQ: *19.79 A cell was set up having the following reaction.
The magnesium electrode was dipped into a... Problem 80RQ: A silver wire coated with AgCl is sensitive to the presence of chloride ion because of the half-cell... Problem 81RQ: At 25C, a galvanic cell was set up having the following half-reactions.... Problem 82RQ: *19.82 Suppose a galvanic cell was constructed at using a half-cell (in which the molar... Problem 83RQ: *19.83 What is the potential of a concentration cell at if it consists of silver electrodes dipping... Problem 84RQ: *19.84 What is the potential of a concentration cell at if it consists of copper electrodes dipping... Problem 85RQ Problem 86RQ Problem 87RQ: What products would we expect at the electrodes if a solution containing both KBr and CuSO4 were... Problem 88RQ: What products would we expect at the electrodes if a solution containing both BaCl2andCul2 were... Problem 89RQ: Using Table 19.1, list the ions in aqueous solution that we would not expect to be reduced at the... Problem 90RQ Problem 91RQ: Electrolysis Stoichiometry
19.91 How many moles of electrons are required to (a) reduce ? (b)... Problem 92RQ: Electrolysis Stoichiometry
19.92 How many moles of electrons are required to (a) produce 5.00 g Mg... Problem 93RQ: 19.93 How many grams of Fe(OH)2 are produced at an iron anode when a basic solution undergoes... Problem 94RQ: 19.94 How many grams of would be produced in the electrolysis of molten by a current of 4.25 A for... Problem 95RQ Problem 96RQ: 19.96 How many hours would it take to generate 35.0 g of lead from during the charging of a lead... Problem 97RQ: 19.97 How many amperes would be needed to produce 60.0 g of magnesium during the electrolysis of... Problem 98RQ: 19.98 A large electrolysis cell that produces metallic aluminum from Al2O3 by the Hall-Hroult... Problem 99RQ: *19.99 The electrolysis of 250 mL of a brine solution (NaCl) was carried out for a period of 20.00... Problem 100RQ: *19.100 A 100.0 mL sample of 2.00MNaCl was electrolyzed for a period of 25.0 min with a current of... Problem 101RQ: *19.101 A watt is a unit of electrical power and is equal to one joule per second (1 watt = 1 J... Problem 102RQ: Suppose that a galvanic cell were set up having the net cell reaction Zn(s)+2Ag+(aq)Zn2+(aq)+2Ag(s)... Problem 103RQ Problem 104RQ: *19.104 The value of for AgBr is . What will be the potential of a cell constructed of a standard... Problem 105RQ: 19.105 Based only on the half-reactions in Table 19.1. determine what spontaneous reaction will... Problem 106RQ: A student set up an electrolysis apparatus and passed a current of 1.22 A through a 3 M solution for... Problem 107RQ: *19.107 A hydrogen electrode is immersed in a 0.10 M solution of acetic acid at . This electrode is... Problem 108RQ: *19.108 What current would be required to deposit of chrome plate having a thickness of 0.050 mm in... Problem 109RQ: *19.109 A solution containing vanadium in an unknown oxidation state was electrolyzed with a current... Problem 110RQ: Consider the reduction potentials of the following sets of substances:... Problem 111RQ: An Ag/AgCl electrode dipping into 1.00MHCl has a standard reduction potential of +0.2223 V. The half... Problem 112RQ Problem 113RQ: Consider the following galvanic cell: Ag(s)Ag+(3.0x10-4M)Fe3+(l.lx10-3M),Fe2+(0.040M)Pt(s) Calculate... Problem 114RQ: The electrolysis of 0.250 L of a brine solution (NaCl) was carried out for a period of 20.00 min... Problem 115RQ: A solution of NaCl in water was electrolyzed with a current of 2.50 A for 15.0 min. How many... Problem 116RQ: How many milliliters of dry gaseous H2, measured at 20.0C and 735 torr, would be produced at the... Problem 117RQ: *19.117 At , a galvanic cell was set up having the following half-reactions.
The copper half-cell... Problem 118RQ: Given the following reduction half-reactions and their standard potentials, what is the molar... Problem 119RQ: The normal range of chloride ions in blood serum (serum is the fluid left after the red blood cells... Problem 120RQ: An unstirred solution of 2.00 M NaCl was electrolyzed for a period of 25.0 min and then titrated... Problem 121RQ: What masses of and O2 in grams would have to react each second in a fuel cell at 110C to provide... Problem 122RQ: *19.122 Draw an atomic-level diagram of the events that occur in a galvanic cell at a cathode made... Problem 123RQ: *19.123 In biochemical systems, the normal standard state that requires is not realistic. (a) Which... Problem 124RQ: Calculate a new version of Table 19.1 using the lithium half-reaction to define zero. Does this... Problem 125RQ: In Problem 19.83, the potential at 75C was calculated. Does the change in molarity of the solutions,... Problem 126RQ: There are a variety of methods available for generating electricity. List as many methods as you... Problem 128RQ: *19.128 Most flashlights use two or more batteries in series. Use the concepts of galvanic cells in... Problem 129RQ: 19.129 If two electrolytic cells are placed in series, the same number of electrons must pass... Problem 130RQ Problem 131RQ format_list_bulleted