Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 19, Problem 5TYK
T2 and T4 are two types of bacteriophage that infect E. coli. Suppose a bacteriophage is artificially constructed from T2 phage capsomeres and T4 phage DNA. If this phage is used to infect E. coli, the newly produced phages will have
- a. T4 protein and T4 DNA.
- b. T4 protein and T2 DNA.
- c. T2 protein and T2 DNA.
- d. T2 protein and T4 DNA.
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Some strains of Escherichia coli bacteria have acquired the ability to produce the harmful Shiga toxin, normally produced by Shigella dysenteriae. Which statements best explain why this occurs? Mark all that apply.
A. conjugation between two different species of bacteria allowed both strains of bacteria to express a virulence factor
B. transformation resulted in expression of a virulence factor
C. horizontal gene transfer between different species of bacteria
D. transduction of a specific gene resulted in expression of new traits
When various strains of λ phage are seeded on a lawn of E. coli, they can form clear or turbid plaques.
(b) For mutant λ phages that can only form clear plaques, give two different types of mutation in the phage that can explain the clear plaque phenotype.
The contents of a plaque may not always contain a clonal population of phage if:
a. Identical phages from a neighboring plaque diffuse into the original plaque
b. The bacteria run out of resources too quickly and limit phage growth
c. Different phages from a neighboring plaque diffuse into the original plaque
d. All plaques on the plate originated from a pure phage culture
Chapter 19 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 19 - In the following diagram of lytic and lysogenic...Ch. 19 - Summarize the flow of genetic information during...Ch. 19 - How does a virus spread throughout a plant? Are...Ch. 19 - Create a concept map that describes the lytic and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 19 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 19 - T2 and T4 are two types of bacteriophage that...
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- If you wish to create an E. coli cell that is immune to phage lambda, which of the following genes should be incorporated into genomic DNA in the E. coli cell? Select one: a. N gene O b. Cro gene Ос. Cl gene O d. SSB genearrow_forwardIn the 1953 study by Hershey and Chase A. 32P was found in supernatants after T2 infection B. 35S was found in bacterial pellets after T2 infection C. E. coli genomes were inherited after T2 infection D. RNA was excluded as THE heritable material E. T2 coats were removed with a blender after initial phage bindingarrow_forwardIf the HIV did not have a reverse transcriptase enzyme, then which of the following would apply? Select one: a. The virus can make use of the reverse transcriptase enzyme from the host cell to convert its RNA into DNA b. Viral particles will be produced without reverse transcriptase enzyme since the original HIV is an RNA virus and needs to assemble RNA ant coat proteins together c. The virus will manufacture its proteins from its RNA using translation and ribosomes from host cell d. Provirus will not be formed and assembly of viral particles will never occur e. The virus will not be able to recognise the host cell and therefore entry into the cell is blockedarrow_forward
- How does a retrovirus prepare its genetic material for incorporation into the host cell genome? a. Host enzymes incorporate viral RNA directly into the genome. b. Host enzymes covert viral RNA to double-stranded viral DNA. c. Viral reverse transcriptase uses viral RNA to make double-stranded viral RNA. d. Viral reverse transcriptase uses viral RNA to make double-stranded viral DNA. e. Viral reverse transcriptase uses viral single-stranded DNA to make double-stranded viral DNA.arrow_forwardBacteria exposed to viruses incorporate sections of the virus’s DNA into the CRISPR array sequences in their genome. This mechanism allows bacteria to fight off the viruses, like an immune response: the information in CRISPR spacers served as “coordinates” for recognizing and cutting up invading DNA sequences. Describe what might happen under the conditions described after a bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell and releases its DNA into the bacterial cell. Explain why: 1. The invading phage DNA is recognized by the Cas proteins but not inserted into the CRISPR array region of the bacterial genome: The bacteria will be unable to elicit an immune response and will succumb to the phase infection 2. The cas genes on the bacterial genome contains a missense mutation that increases its cleavage/cut activityThe bacteria will elicit an immune response that will successfully fight the phage infectionarrow_forwardBacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Depending on the bacteriophage, their genome can be made of either single or double stranded DNA or RNA. The composition of genetic material found in a bacteriophage is found to be 25% A, 33% T, 24% G, and 18% C. What can you conclude about the genetic material of this virus? a. It is double-stranded DNA. b. It is single-stranded DNA. c. It is single-stranded RNA. d. It is double-stranded RNA.arrow_forward
- An experimental drug therapy to treat patients with antibiotic-resistant bacteria involves introduction of a highly specific bacteriophage to the infected patient's bloodstream. Which of the following bacteriophage types would be the LEAST useful for this therapy? a. a lytic bacteriophage b. An enveloped virus c. An RNA virus d. a lysogenic bacteriophagearrow_forwardIn 2006, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of bacteriophage preparation that can be used on ready-to-eat meat and poultry products to kill Listeria monocytogenes, a bacterium that causes listeriosis. Some people may have concerns about the use of phages in foods. From what you have learned about bacteriophages and viruses, why do you think we do not have to be concerned about the presence of bacteriophages in food?arrow_forwardWhen E. coli cells are mixed with recombinant vector DNA and subject to a stress such as heat shock, a small fraction of the cells will take up the plasmid DNA, a process known as : A. Ligation. B. Transformation. C. Transfection. D. Digestion.arrow_forward
- Phage conversion in which viruses add genes to a bacterial cell can be considered to be a form of a. standard inheritance. b. horizontal gene transfer. c. vertical gene transfer. d. parasitism.arrow_forwardDetermine the order of the three genes on the phage chromosome.arrow_forwardPlasmids are important for recombining DNA. B.) What are the requirments of an expression vector.arrow_forward
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