Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 19, Problem 2IQ
Summarize the flow of genetic information during replication of a retrovirus. Indicate the enzymes that catalyze this flow.
Enzymes:
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c. Describe what is similar and different about the lifecycle of a non-enveloped DNA animal virus compared to an enveloped animal retrovirus.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 19 - In the following diagram of lytic and lysogenic...Ch. 19 - Summarize the flow of genetic information during...Ch. 19 - How does a virus spread throughout a plant? Are...Ch. 19 - Create a concept map that describes the lytic and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 19 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 19 - T2 and T4 are two types of bacteriophage that...
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- Can the below be added to the answer: Some common cytopathic effects include: Cell rounding and detachment: The infected cells may become rounded and detach from the underlying surface, leading to cell death and tissue damage. Cell lysis: In lytic infections, the virus utilizes the host cell's resources to produce new virus particles. As a result, the infected cell eventually bursts (lysis), releasing the newly formed viruses, which can go on to infect neighboring cells. Formation of inclusion bodies: Some viruses induce the formation of distinct structures called inclusion bodies within the infected cells. These inclusion bodies are often aggregates of viral proteins or nucleic acids and can be visualized under a microscope. Cell fusion: Certain viruses have the ability to cause infected cells to fuse together, forming multinucleated giant cells. This fusion enhances viral spread and can lead to the destruction of affected tissues. Cellular damage and functional impairment: Viral…arrow_forwardDiagrammatically explain the mechanism of cellular injury caused by virus and bacteria?arrow_forwardList three differences between the structure of HIV and the virus that causes influenza. For one of these differences, explain how the STRUCTURE is key to the FUNCTION of the virus.arrow_forward
- Describe the Cytopathic changes in cells and cell cultures infected by viruses.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a known characteristic or procesds that can lead to genetic changes in some viruses? When two different viral strains of the same type of virus infect a single individual, reassortment/mixing of segmented genome pieces can occur, resulting in new combinations of segments. Genetic rearrangements of the viral genome occurs as a result of duplicate operons in the viral genome undergoing homologous recombination. Environmental conditions trigger the SOS response in viruses, and leads to generation of errors/mutations in the viral genome. Viral RNA polymerases display proofreading capability in replicating the viral genome of certain viruses.arrow_forwardDefine prion.arrow_forward
- Explain how transcription and translation may or may not be altered by a virus such as West Nile Virus.arrow_forwardInclude the steps in the correct order from attachment to lysis. How does this differ from the virus replication cycle in animals? Explain the difference between lytic cycle, lysogeny and slow release. Also include the bacterial defense mechanism bacteria have developed to prevent infection by a virus. How is this bacterial defense now being used to modify genetic codes in humans, include CRISPR in your discussion. Explain the growth curve of a virus and what phase is the coronal virus in the present pandemic?arrow_forwardSome retroviruses that have a wide host range have been developed for use in treatment of diseases or syndromes. These viruses do not result in a productive infection because they lack critical genes for viral replication, but they do carry DNA sequences that allow them to be packaged into infectious particles. Once in the host cell the viral DNA is released and integrates into the cell's genome. The advantage to this strategy is that the delivery of the DNA is very efficient. What is one possible problem of using a virus that can integrate into the human nuclear genome? Multiple Choice The virus carries genes that will interfere with host cell activities. The viral DNA sequences could still cause a disease. Since the viral DNA sequences no longer contain essential genes for viral replication the host cell may not be able to replicate either. The integration could disrupt an essential gene or genes.arrow_forward
- Explain the term retrovirus.arrow_forwardDescribe the classes of viruses based on theirgenomic characteristics. For each class, describe how viralmRNA is made and how the viral genome is replicated.arrow_forwardA number of retroviruses can infect certain human cells. List two of them, briefly describe the medical implications resulting from these infections, and describe why only certain cells are infected.arrow_forward
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What Is A Virus ? ; Author: Peekaboo Kidz;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS7vsBgWszI;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY