Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 12TYK
The CRISPR-Cas system allows a bacterium to
- a. degrade DNA from viruses that it has previously been exposed to.
- b. degrade DNA from viruses that it has never been exposed to.
- c. prevent phages from entering the cell.
- d. prevent prophages from exiting the bacterial chromosome.
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In Hershey and Chase’s experiment investigating which biological molecule carries genetic information, they found that phage DNA with radiolabeled phosphorus was retained in bacterial cells after transduction. To conclude that DNA is the genetic material, what assumption did they have to make?
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A.
Protein does not enter the bacterium during transduction.
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DNA does not stay in the media after transduction.
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All of the phage DNA was radiolabeled.
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Bacteria can be transduced by phage.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
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- Plasmids are circular extrachromosomal DNA in bacteria that play a role in: d. degradation of viruses a. growth of bacteria b. pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance c. production of antibodiesarrow_forwardIn Hershey and Chase’s experiment investigating which biological molecule carries genetic information, they found that phage DNA with radiolabeled phosphorus was retained in bacterial cells after transduction. To conclude that DNA is the genetic material, what assumption did they have to make? A. Protein does not enter the bacterium during transduction. B. DNA does not stay in the media after transduction. C. All of the phage DNA was radiolabeled. D. Bacteria can be transduced by phage.arrow_forwardA transducing particle injects all of the DNA that it contains into a bacterial cell. Which of the following are TRUE? A. The bacterium becomes Hfr B. The bacterium becomes F+ C. The bacterium immediately acquires new functions as the injected DNA is rapidly transcribed and translated into mRNA and proteins D. This injected DNA can integrate into the bacterium’s genome through a process called recombinationarrow_forward
- An experimental drug therapy to treat patients with antibiotic-resistant bacteria involves introduction of a highly specific bacteriophage to the infected patient's bloodstream. Which of the following bacteriophage types would be the LEAST useful for this therapy? a. a lytic bacteriophage b. An enveloped virus c. An RNA virus d. a lysogenic bacteriophagearrow_forwardWhich of the following is a concern of in-vivo gene therapy? A. Lytic vector expression B. Integration into target region C. Immune response to viral vector D. Production of chimeraarrow_forwardWhich of these statements is correct regarding the CRISPR/Cas9 system in eukaryotic cells? A.Single guide RNA (sgRNA) is used to target specific DNA sequences and activate Cas. B.Bacteriophages are used to inject viral genes into the cell to activated the Cas protein. C.CRISPR takes advantage of the cell’s DNA polymerase proof-reading activities for DNA replication errors D.The CRISPR-Cas system can only be used to alter genomes in prokaryotic cells. E. Cas cuts directly into palindromic restriction sites that it targets in the DNA.arrow_forward
- Which of these statements is correct regarding the CRISPR/Cas9 system in eukaryotic cells? a.Single guide RNA (sgRNA) is used to target specific DNA sequences and activate Cas. b.Bacteriophages are used to inject viral genes into the cell to activated the Cas protein. c.CRISPR takes advantage of the cell’s DNA polymerase proof-reading activities for DNA replication errors d.The CRISPR-Cas system can only be used to alter genomes in prokaryotic cells. e.Cas cuts directly into palindromic restriction sites that it targets in the DNA.arrow_forwardWhich nucleic-acid based technique will detect norovirus? A. Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) probes B. PCR with primers specific for the genome of this virus C. Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) D. reverse transcription PCR with specific primers A patient's blood sample tests positive for the antigen to Vibrio cholerae. Which of the following interpretations is correct? A. This person has cholera. B. This person was exposed to any species of Vibrio. C. This person was exposed to V. cholerae recently. D. This person had cholera at some point in their lifetime.arrow_forwardWhich of the following would be the first step in biosynthesis of a virus with a - (minus) strand of RNA? A. Synthesis of double stranded RNA from a DNA template B. Transcription of mRNA from DNA C. Synthesis of DNA from an RNA template D. Synthesis of double stranded RNA from an RNA template E. Synthesis of DNA from a DNA templatearrow_forward
- Bacteria exposed to viruses incorporate sections of the virus’s DNA into the CRISPR array sequences in their genome. This mechanism allows bacteria to fight off the viruses, like an immune response: the information in CRISPR spacers served as “coordinates” for recognizing and cutting up invading DNA sequences. Describe what might happen under the conditions described after a bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell and releases its DNA into the bacterial cell. Explain why: 1. The invading phage DNA is recognized by the Cas proteins but not inserted into the CRISPR array region of the bacterial genome: The bacteria will be unable to elicit an immune response and will succumb to the phase infection 2. The cas genes on the bacterial genome contains a missense mutation that increases its cleavage/cut activityThe bacteria will elicit an immune response that will successfully fight the phage infectionarrow_forwardProteins that bind to a specific DNA sequence and help control the recruitment of RNA polymerase are called ... 1.) CRISPR/Cas9 2.) restriction enzymes 3.) transcription factors 4.) topoisomerasesarrow_forwardBacteria are able to successfully transcribe and translate humangenes becausea. both bacteria and humans contain plasmid vectors.b. bacteria can replicate their DNA, but humans cannot.c. human and bacterial ribosomes are vastly different.d. the genetic code is nearly universal.arrow_forward
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