Chapter 19, Problem 19.68P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The details of the given two potential synthesis has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Retro synthesis: It is a technique of planning an organic synthesis by the reverse approach. In this technique, the starting materials are obtained by cleaving the target molecule into logical synthons. Synthons are precursor fragments of the target compound when it is cleaved. Depending on the stability, the synthons are classified as logical and illogical synthons. Logical synthons are highly stable precursor fragments, and illogical synthons are less stable precursor fragments of the target compound.

Base catalysed ring opening of epoxide:

The nucleophile will attack at the less substituted position under basic conditions and then the alkoxide ion gets proton from alcohol which form the product.

Acid chlorides are most often prepared by treating a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride.

Alkyl or aryl magnesium halides $\left(\text{RMgX}\right)$ are known as Grignard reagent. The Grignard reaction is an organometallic chemical reaction in which the Grignard reagent act as nucleophile and attack electrophilic carbon atom that are present within polar bonds to yield a carbon-carbon bond.

Reaction of Grignard reagent with a formic ester followed by hydrolysis in aqueous acid yields secondary alcohol. Tertiary alcohol can be prepared by the reaction of Grignard reagent with ester other than formate formation.

Michael reaction:

The reaction occurs with a variety of $\text{α,β}$-unsaturated carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, esters, nitriles, nitro compounds and amides.

The donor compound of this reaction includes $\text{β}$-diketones, $\text{β}$-keto nitriles, $\text{β}$-keto esters.