Chapter 19, Problem 19.57AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect in the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction has to be determined if temperature is decreased from $\text{40°C}\text{to}1\text{0°C}$ for an enzyme that has its maximum activity at body temperature $\left(\text{about}\text{37°C}\right)$.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

• It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.
• Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.
• Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.
• Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Factors affecting enzyme activity:

Substrate concentration

Enzyme concentration

Temperature

$\text{pH}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect in the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction has to be determined if a drop of dilute ${\text{Hg}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}$ solution is added.

Concept Introduction:

The competition of an enzyme can be reversible or irreversible and in reversible inhibition, the inhibitor can leave and in irreversible inhibition, the inhibitor remains permanently bound.

Reversible Competitive inhibition: It is a type of inhibition occurs when the inhibitor resembles very much to the substrate and thus prevents the substrate binding.

Irreversible competitive inhibition: It is a type of inhibition in which an inhibitor forms covalent bonds to the active site and thereby permanently blocking it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect in the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction has to be determined if oxidising agent such as ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ is added.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

• It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.
• Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.
• Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.
• Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Factors affecting enzyme activity:

Substrate concentration

Enzyme concentration

$\text{pH}$