Chapter 19, Problem 19.30AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation occurs in the pathway which stops at the first enzyme in the multistep process of the conversion of glucose to pyruvate should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

• It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.
• Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.
• Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.
• Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Feedback control: The pathways which are dependent on a series of consecutive reactions in which the product of one reaction is the reactant for the next and these pathways are subjected to feedback control, which occurs when the result of a process feeds information back to affect the beginning process.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation occurs when Sarin covalently binds to acetylcholinesterase should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

• It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.
• Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.
• Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.
• Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Reversible Competitive inhibition: It is a type of inhibition occurs when the inhibitor resembles very much to the substrate and thus prevents the substrate binding.

Reversible uncompetitive inhibition: It is a type of enzyme regulation in which an inhibitor binds reversibly to the enzyme-substrate complex and thereby blocking the binding of the second substrate to the binding site.

Irreversible competitive inhibition: It is a type of inhibition in which an inhibitor forms covalent bonds to the active site and thereby permanently blocking it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation occurs when Lactase is not produced in the adult should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

• It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.
• Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.
• Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.
• Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme inhibitors: The substance which slows or stops the action of an enzyme is called enzyme inhibitors.

It can be used as drugs and an example is AZT which is used to treat HIV.

Enzyme regulation by genetic control:

It is a type of control by which regulation of enzyme activity is done by the control of the synthesis of enzymes.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of enzyme regulation occurs when the conversion of isocitrate to $\text{α-ketoglutarate}$ is inhibited by high levels of ATP should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

• It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.
• Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.
• Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.
• Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Irreversible competitive inhibition: It is a type of inhibition in which an inhibitor forms covalent bonds to the active site and thereby permanently blocking it.