Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 18.6, Problem 2CYL
- name and describe some characteristics of the hominin species that played key roles in humans’ evolutionary history?
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How do paleoanthropologists explain why the earliest hominins evolved in Africa and not elsewhere?
The first modern humans evolved in Africa.
a) What are two kinds of evidence supporting that conclusion, one based on data from living individuals and one from some other source of data?
b) What are some unique anatomic and behavioral traits that are unique to hominid species compared to primates, and to Homo sapiens in particular, compared to other hominid species?
Identify the change that marks the beginning of hominid evolution.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 18.1 - How Would the experiments result charge if oxygen...Ch. 18.1 - describe a likely scenario for the origin of life?Ch. 18.1 - describe, for each step in the scenario, some...Ch. 18.2 - Uranium-235, with a half-life of 713 million...Ch. 18.2 - Scientists have identified a free living bacterium...Ch. 18.2 - describe scenarios for the major evolutionary...Ch. 18.2 - State the order in which these events occurred,...Ch. 18.3 - describe fossil evidence of the earliest...Ch. 18.3 - describe the advantages that fostered the origin...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 18.4 - Does the mudskippers ability to walk on land...Ch. 18.4 - Can ancient DNA reveal the secrets of dinosaur...Ch. 18.4 - Although it may never be possible to recover DNA...Ch. 18.4 - describe the transitions and innovations...Ch. 18.4 - describe the advantages gained by the first plants...Ch. 18.5 - Scientists have cloned a number of animal species,...Ch. 18.5 - explain how extinction has affected the course of...Ch. 18.5 - describe the likely causes of mass extinctions in...Ch. 18.6 - We might be able to more easily distinguish...Ch. 18.6 - Paleontologists recently discovered fossil...Ch. 18.6 - describe the evolutionary history of humans and...Ch. 18.6 - name and describe some characteristics of the...Ch. 18.6 - describe the key features of the most recent phase...Ch. 18.6 - The unexpected discovery that humans interbred...Ch. 18 - Almost all of the oxygen gas in todays atmosphere...Ch. 18 - Extinction a. generally does not occur except...Ch. 18 - In the endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondrion,...Ch. 18 - Which of the following does not list evolutionary...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5MCCh. 18 - Because there was no oxygen in the earliest...Ch. 18 - The molecule _________ became a candidate for the...Ch. 18 - Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other...Ch. 18 - The Sperm of early land plants had to reach the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 18 - What is the evidence that life might have...Ch. 18 - How did the origin of photosynthesis affect...Ch. 18 - Explain the endosymbiont hypothesis for the origin...Ch. 18 - Name two advantages of multicellularity for plants...Ch. 18 - What advantages and disadvantages would...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQCh. 18 - Extinctions have occurred throughout the history...Ch. 18 - In biological terms, what do you think was the...
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- Explain the pattern of human evolution according to each of the four trends of hominin mosaic evolution: a large brain, transition to bipedality, dental arcades, and the growth of language.arrow_forwardWhich hominins might be ancestral to us choose one that you find especially interesting (except H. sapiens) and explain how it fits into the picture of the Hominin family?arrow_forwardEvolution in Humans 1) explain how fossil evidence is used to reconstruct the hominid history 2) explain how genetic evidence is used to document changes in species and populations over time 3) describe several techniques that paleontologists today use to establish fossil agearrow_forward
- Explain the pattern of human evolution in reference to each of the four trends of hominin mosaic evolution (cranial capacity, bipedalism, dental arcades, the growth of language).arrow_forwardExplain the change in the classification of hominids in recent years. What hominoids are we now considered to be most closely related to?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a "derived" versus a “primitive" trait? Give an example of both, seen in Au. afarensis. Which of the paleoenvironment hypotheses have been used to describe early hominin diversity, and which have been used to describe bipedalism? Which anatomical features for bipedalism do we see in early hominins? Are these primarily obligate bipeds? Explain. Describe the dentition of gracile and robust australopithecines. What might these tell us about their relative diets? List the hominin species argued to be associated with stone tool technologies. Are you convinced of these associations? Why/why not?arrow_forward
- We have studied how the six major primate groups evolved, with the most recent group being the hominins.The hominins branched off from main ape group around 7 million years ago.According to our lessons explain your reasoning as to whether there is a missing link,or one single specimen that embodies both ape and hominin traits, that serves as a transition between what is clearly ape and what is clearly hominin?What have you found most interesting about the beginning of hominin evolution and why?arrow_forwardBrown et al. and Morwood et al. reported in 2004 that they had found skeletal remains of a previously unknown type of hominin, now dubbed Homo floresiensis, on the Indonesian island of Flores. These hominins were small (approximately 1 m tall) with small braincases (approximately 380 cm3) as compared with other hominins. The remains of H. floresiensis were found alongside handmade stone tools and the remains of dwarf elephants that also inhabited the island, suggesting that H. floresiensis was able both to make tools and to coordinate the hunting of animals much larger than itself. H. floresiensis is estimated to have lived at the site where the remains were found from 700,000 years ago to 60,000 years ago. Which would be the most feasible method of figuring out to which other hominin species H. floresiensis was most closely related? Compare the average body size of H. floresiensis to that of each of the other hominin species. Compare the type of prey hunted by H. floresiensis to that…arrow_forwardIn the paper “Four Legs good, Two Legs Fortuitous...” what were the selective pressures that drove early hominin evolution? How was Australopithecus physically different from modern day Homo sapiens? How did these traits suit each species to their environment? Describe the role of bipedalism in Homo sapiens evolution. Approximately how early did bipedalism occur?arrow_forward
- Describe some of the key characteristics of Homo habilis - the first species in our genus "homo". What traits set this species apart from earlier hominins? e.g. Brain size? What kind of tools did they make? when did they live? diet? etc. Include a personal reflection on what stood out to you about Homo habilis.arrow_forwardWhat are hominins? From the perspective of paleoanthropology, what are the main ways that hominins differ from our closest primate relatives the apes? What key physical features help anthropologists identify whether or...arrow_forwardAdaptations are physical or behavioral traits that help an organism survive in its environment. What are some of the adaptations in the evolution of hominins that allowed for the evolution of the genus Homo to evolve (eventually) into modern humans (Homo sapiens)? (Note: you don’t have to explain why these adaptations allowed the genus to evolve, just list some of the adaptations.)arrow_forward
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