Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 18.2, Problem 1CYL
- describe scenarios for the major evolutionary events and innovations that occurred during the period in which all organisms were single celled, including the origins of photosynthesis, atmospheric oxygen, aerobic respiration, and eukaryotic organelles?
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A scientist discovered a new group of unicellular organisms that lack mitochondria but possess an organelle related to the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in energy production. The scientist hypothesizes that this organelle might be a missing link in the evolution of mitochondria. A) Do you agree with this hypothesis? Explain. B) Based on the available evidence, what is the most likely hypothesis for the origin of mitochondria? Provide four pieces of evidence to support this theory and justify why they are valid.
Serial endosymbiosis is the most supported theory on how the first eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. The figure depicts the evolution of eukaryotic cells which include links to prokaryotic cells from early in the history of life.
Identify the cellular structures involved in the connection of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Describe the characteristics of the cellular structures that supports the evolutionary connection.
State a claim on how eukaryotic cells evolved. Using evolutionary evidence justify your claim. The cells modeled above are a result are descendants of an original cell.
Do plants and animals have a common multicellular ancestor?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 18.1 - How Would the experiments result charge if oxygen...Ch. 18.1 - describe a likely scenario for the origin of life?Ch. 18.1 - describe, for each step in the scenario, some...Ch. 18.2 - Uranium-235, with a half-life of 713 million...Ch. 18.2 - Scientists have identified a free living bacterium...Ch. 18.2 - describe scenarios for the major evolutionary...Ch. 18.2 - State the order in which these events occurred,...Ch. 18.3 - describe fossil evidence of the earliest...Ch. 18.3 - describe the advantages that fostered the origin...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 18.4 - Does the mudskippers ability to walk on land...Ch. 18.4 - Can ancient DNA reveal the secrets of dinosaur...Ch. 18.4 - Although it may never be possible to recover DNA...Ch. 18.4 - describe the transitions and innovations...Ch. 18.4 - describe the advantages gained by the first plants...Ch. 18.5 - Scientists have cloned a number of animal species,...Ch. 18.5 - explain how extinction has affected the course of...Ch. 18.5 - describe the likely causes of mass extinctions in...Ch. 18.6 - We might be able to more easily distinguish...Ch. 18.6 - Paleontologists recently discovered fossil...Ch. 18.6 - describe the evolutionary history of humans and...Ch. 18.6 - name and describe some characteristics of the...Ch. 18.6 - describe the key features of the most recent phase...Ch. 18.6 - The unexpected discovery that humans interbred...Ch. 18 - Almost all of the oxygen gas in todays atmosphere...Ch. 18 - Extinction a. generally does not occur except...Ch. 18 - In the endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondrion,...Ch. 18 - Which of the following does not list evolutionary...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5MCCh. 18 - Because there was no oxygen in the earliest...Ch. 18 - The molecule _________ became a candidate for the...Ch. 18 - Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other...Ch. 18 - The Sperm of early land plants had to reach the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 18 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 18 - What is the evidence that life might have...Ch. 18 - How did the origin of photosynthesis affect...Ch. 18 - Explain the endosymbiont hypothesis for the origin...Ch. 18 - Name two advantages of multicellularity for plants...Ch. 18 - What advantages and disadvantages would...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQCh. 18 - Extinctions have occurred throughout the history...Ch. 18 - In biological terms, what do you think was the...
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- The endosymbiotic theory argues that prokaryotes become some of the organelles of early eukaryotic cells. All of the following support this hypothesis Except: A. The mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and are nearly idential to some free-living prokaryotes b. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are nearly idential to some free-living prokaryotes. c. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA d. The vacuoles can come and go across the plasma membranearrow_forwardWould the evidence suggest that mitochondria or chloroplasts were the first to evolve through endosymbiosis?arrow_forwardJust as all life shares a last universal common ancestor, all eukaryotes share a last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). In considering what LECA was like, scientists look for features and processes common to all or nearly all eukaryotic groups. They assume that these structures emerged before the groups diverged and thus were present in LECA. Make a list of the features and processes that you think might have been passed down from LECA to modern eukaryotes.arrow_forward
- Here is the question: What was the likely source of the raw material incorporated into the first life forms? I believe it is carbon, but I don't know why it is carbon. What I mean is, why is carbon considered the thing that makes something alive? Why are eukaryotes and prokaryotes simply considered alive just because they have carbon. Would that mean that carbon is alive because carbon has carbon? I would appreciate an anwser because I'm really trying to understand everything I run across. I love educating myself and I'm on a quest for knowledge. Thanks guys!arrow_forwardChronologically arrange the evolutionary events of life’s origin on earth with 1 being the earliest and 10 the most recent.arrow_forwardPlace the following events in the order in which they are thought to have occurred in early evolution of life. the ability to produce proteins from genetic material the ability to use O2 as an electron acceptor for producing cellular energy the formation of heritable information (RNA) the ability to use light energy to fix CO2arrow_forward
- Based on genes from mitochordrial DNA the most accepted tree of life includes three domains. Eukaryotes and archaea are most closely related to each other than either are to bacteria. MRNA rRNA TRNA 0000arrow_forwardBelow are some key events that took place during the long history of life on Earth. Arrange them in the correct sequence: First land plants (kingdom Plantae) First eukaryotic life (domain Eukarya) Adaptive radiation of mammals (class Mammalia) Evolution of chloroplasts Cambrian explosion First aerobic organisms (those that utilize cellular respiration) First land vertebrates (tetrapods) First multicellular organisms First living cellsarrow_forwardIn lecture, we discussed the endosymbiont theory that describes the evolutionary origins of mitochondria and chloroplast. A few scientists think that peroxisomes also have an endosymbiotic evolutionary origin, although most scientists disagree with this hypothesis. Which of the following hypothetical discoveries would provide support for the hypothesis that peroxisomes evolved from bacteria? Discovering that eukaryotic cells cannot live without peroxisomes. All of these hypothetical discoveries would provide support for the hypothesis that peroxisomes have an endosymbiotic evolutionary origin. Identifying the presence of DNA within peroxisomes. Determining that the majority of proteins in peroxisomes have eukaryotic origin.arrow_forward
- All living things are divided into three domains: bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. They have several traits that are specific to each domain or shared across the domains. Based on this information, what traits would the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) be expected to have? A. Nuclear envelope, introns in genes, and peptidoglycan in cell walls. B. Histones associated with DNA, circular chromosome, and peptidoglycan in cell walls. C. Unbranched hydrocarbons in membrane lipids, histones associated with DNA, and introns in genes. D. Circular chromosome, unbranched hydrocarbons in membrane lipids, and one kind of RNA polymerase.arrow_forwardDirect evidence of life on early Earth comes from fossils of microorganisms that lived 3.5 billion years ago. But how did the first living cells appear?arrow_forwardwhy was the first mini threshold of life's evolution, photosynthesis, so important? a. it helped plants move onto land b. it transformed our atmosphere from oxygen-rich to carbon dioxide-rich c. it allowed life to spread beyond oceanic vents d. it forced organism to become multicellular to process more complex energyarrow_forward
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Endosymbiotic Theory; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU;License: Standard Youtube License