Mutation 1: A transition at nucleotide 11 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3 ′ -TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT- 5 ′

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18.1, Problem 20AQP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 1: A transition at nucleotide 11 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Transition mutation is a type of base-substitution mutation in which either a purine base is replaced with different purine base or pyrimidine base is replaced with different pyrimidine base. Due to transition mutation at nucleotide 11, the DNA template formed is 3′-TAC TGG CCG TCA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which thymine is replaced by cytosine. The m-RNA form 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon formed after mutation are AGU which codes for amino acid serine.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 2: A transition at nucleotide 13 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In transition mutation, a purine base is replaced by different purine base and pyrimidine base is replaced by different pyrimidine base. The transition at 13 nucleotides of DNA sequence results 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA ATT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which guanine is replaced by adenine. The m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU UAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon UAA acts as stop codon that terminates the process of translation.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 3: A one-nucleotide deletion at nucleotide 7 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

c.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In deletion mutation, removal of single nucleotide results in a frameshift mutation that changes the reading frame. After deletion of the nucleotide at 7 positions the DNA sequence formed is 3′-TAC TGG CGT TAG TTG ATA TAA CT-5′ in which deletion of cytosine occurs. The m-RNA formed is 5′- AUG ACC GCA AUC AAC UAU AUU GA-3′. The codon GCA after deletion codes for alanine.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 4: A T →A transversion at nucleotide 15 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

d.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In transversion mutation a pyrimidine base is replaced with purine base or purine base is replaced with pyrimidine base. After transversion of T →A the DNA sequence formed is 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTA GAT ATA ACT-5′. The m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU CAU CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon CAU codes for amino acid histidine.

e.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 5: An addition of TGG after nucleotide 6 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

e.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Addition of nucleotide in a DNA sequence results in a change in codon sequence that codes for different protein. On addition of TCG after 6 nucleotide DNA sequence is 3′-TAC TGG TCG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′. So the m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACG ACC GGC AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon ACC codes for amino acid threonine.

f.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 6: A transition at nucleotide 9 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

f.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Transition mutation involves the replacement of a purine with purine or pyrimidine with a pyrimidine. In this transition at nucleotide 9 forms, the DNA sequence is 3′-TAC TGG CCA TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which guanine is replaced by adenine. So, the m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACG GGU AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon GGU codes for amino acid glycine.

Conclusion

The mutation causes the change of sequence of nucleotide (one base) in a gene or a chromosome. A change in nucleotide at 11 position results in the coding of amino acid serine. Mutation at nucleotide 13 results in a stop codon. Deletion of the nucleotide at 7 results in the coding of alanine. Transversion of T→ A results in the coding of amino acid histidine. Addition of TGG after six nucleotide results in the coding of amino acid threonine and transition at nucleotide 9 results in the coding of glycine amino acid.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18.1, Problem 20AQP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 1: A transition at nucleotide 11 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Transition mutation is a type of base-substitution mutation in which either a purine base is replaced with different purine base or pyrimidine base is replaced with different pyrimidine base. Due to transition mutation at nucleotide 11, the DNA template formed is 3′-TAC TGG CCG TCA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which thymine is replaced by cytosine. The m-RNA form 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon formed after mutation are AGU which codes for amino acid serine.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 2: A transition at nucleotide 13 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In transition mutation, a purine base is replaced by different purine base and pyrimidine base is replaced by different pyrimidine base. The transition at 13 nucleotides of DNA sequence results 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA ATT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which guanine is replaced by adenine. The m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU UAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon UAA acts as stop codon that terminates the process of translation.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 3: A one-nucleotide deletion at nucleotide 7 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

c.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In deletion mutation, removal of single nucleotide results in a frameshift mutation that changes the reading frame. After deletion of the nucleotide at 7 positions the DNA sequence formed is 3′-TAC TGG CGT TAG TTG ATA TAA CT-5′ in which deletion of cytosine occurs. The m-RNA formed is 5′- AUG ACC GCA AUC AAC UAU AUU GA-3′. The codon GCA after deletion codes for alanine.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 4: A T →A transversion at nucleotide 15 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

d.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In transversion mutation a pyrimidine base is replaced with purine base or purine base is replaced with pyrimidine base. After transversion of T →A the DNA sequence formed is 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTA GAT ATA ACT-5′. The m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU CAU CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon CAU codes for amino acid histidine.

e.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 5: An addition of TGG after nucleotide 6 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

e.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Addition of nucleotide in a DNA sequence results in a change in codon sequence that codes for different protein. On addition of TCG after 6 nucleotide DNA sequence is 3′-TAC TGG TCG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′. So the m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACG ACC GGC AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon ACC codes for amino acid threonine.

f.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 6: A transition at nucleotide 9 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

f.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Transition mutation involves the replacement of a purine with purine or pyrimidine with a pyrimidine. In this transition at nucleotide 9 forms, the DNA sequence is 3′-TAC TGG CCA TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which guanine is replaced by adenine. So, the m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACG GGU AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon GGU codes for amino acid glycine.

Conclusion

The mutation causes the change of sequence of nucleotide (one base) in a gene or a chromosome. A change in nucleotide at 11 position results in the coding of amino acid serine. Mutation at nucleotide 13 results in a stop codon. Deletion of the nucleotide at 7 results in the coding of alanine. Transversion of T→ A results in the coding of amino acid histidine. Addition of TGG after six nucleotide results in the coding of amino acid threonine and transition at nucleotide 9 results in the coding of glycine amino acid.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18.1, Problem 20AQP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 1: A transition at nucleotide 11 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Transition mutation is a type of base-substitution mutation in which either a purine base is replaced with different purine base or pyrimidine base is replaced with different pyrimidine base. Due to transition mutation at nucleotide 11, the DNA template formed is 3′-TAC TGG CCG TCA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which thymine is replaced by cytosine. The m-RNA form 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon formed after mutation are AGU which codes for amino acid serine.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 2: A transition at nucleotide 13 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In transition mutation, a purine base is replaced by different purine base and pyrimidine base is replaced by different pyrimidine base. The transition at 13 nucleotides of DNA sequence results 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA ATT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which guanine is replaced by adenine. The m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU UAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon UAA acts as stop codon that terminates the process of translation.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 3: A one-nucleotide deletion at nucleotide 7 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

c.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In deletion mutation, removal of single nucleotide results in a frameshift mutation that changes the reading frame. After deletion of the nucleotide at 7 positions the DNA sequence formed is 3′-TAC TGG CGT TAG TTG ATA TAA CT-5′ in which deletion of cytosine occurs. The m-RNA formed is 5′- AUG ACC GCA AUC AAC UAU AUU GA-3′. The codon GCA after deletion codes for alanine.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 4: A T →A transversion at nucleotide 15 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

d.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In transversion mutation a pyrimidine base is replaced with purine base or purine base is replaced with pyrimidine base. After transversion of T →A the DNA sequence formed is 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTA GAT ATA ACT-5′. The m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU CAU CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon CAU codes for amino acid histidine.

e.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 5: An addition of TGG after nucleotide 6 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

e.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Addition of nucleotide in a DNA sequence results in a change in codon sequence that codes for different protein. On addition of TCG after 6 nucleotide DNA sequence is 3′-TAC TGG TCG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′. So the m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACG ACC GGC AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon ACC codes for amino acid threonine.

f.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 6: A transition at nucleotide 9 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

f.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Transition mutation involves the replacement of a purine with purine or pyrimidine with a pyrimidine. In this transition at nucleotide 9 forms, the DNA sequence is 3′-TAC TGG CCA TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which guanine is replaced by adenine. So, the m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACG GGU AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon GGU codes for amino acid glycine.

Conclusion

The mutation causes the change of sequence of nucleotide (one base) in a gene or a chromosome. A change in nucleotide at 11 position results in the coding of amino acid serine. Mutation at nucleotide 13 results in a stop codon. Deletion of the nucleotide at 7 results in the coding of alanine. Transversion of T→ A results in the coding of amino acid histidine. Addition of TGG after six nucleotide results in the coding of amino acid threonine and transition at nucleotide 9 results in the coding of glycine amino acid.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18.1, Problem 20AQP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 1: A transition at nucleotide 11 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Transition mutation is a type of base-substitution mutation in which either a purine base is replaced with different purine base or pyrimidine base is replaced with different pyrimidine base. Due to transition mutation at nucleotide 11, the DNA template formed is 3′-TAC TGG CCG TCA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which thymine is replaced by cytosine. The m-RNA form 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon formed after mutation are AGU which codes for amino acid serine.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 2: A transition at nucleotide 13 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In transition mutation, a purine base is replaced by different purine base and pyrimidine base is replaced by different pyrimidine base. The transition at 13 nucleotides of DNA sequence results 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA ATT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which guanine is replaced by adenine. The m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU UAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon UAA acts as stop codon that terminates the process of translation.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 3: A one-nucleotide deletion at nucleotide 7 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

c.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In deletion mutation, removal of single nucleotide results in a frameshift mutation that changes the reading frame. After deletion of the nucleotide at 7 positions the DNA sequence formed is 3′-TAC TGG CGT TAG TTG ATA TAA CT-5′ in which deletion of cytosine occurs. The m-RNA formed is 5′- AUG ACC GCA AUC AAC UAU AUU GA-3′. The codon GCA after deletion codes for alanine.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 4: A T →A transversion at nucleotide 15 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

d.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In transversion mutation a pyrimidine base is replaced with purine base or purine base is replaced with pyrimidine base. After transversion of T →A the DNA sequence formed is 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTA GAT ATA ACT-5′. The m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU CAU CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon CAU codes for amino acid histidine.

e.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 5: An addition of TGG after nucleotide 6 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

e.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Addition of nucleotide in a DNA sequence results in a change in codon sequence that codes for different protein. On addition of TCG after 6 nucleotide DNA sequence is 3′-TAC TGG TCG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′. So the m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACG ACC GGC AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon ACC codes for amino acid threonine.

f.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 6: A transition at nucleotide 9 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

f.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Transition mutation involves the replacement of a purine with purine or pyrimidine with a pyrimidine. In this transition at nucleotide 9 forms, the DNA sequence is 3′-TAC TGG CCA TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which guanine is replaced by adenine. So, the m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACG GGU AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon GGU codes for amino acid glycine.

Conclusion

The mutation causes the change of sequence of nucleotide (one base) in a gene or a chromosome. A change in nucleotide at 11 position results in the coding of amino acid serine. Mutation at nucleotide 13 results in a stop codon. Deletion of the nucleotide at 7 results in the coding of alanine. Transversion of T→ A results in the coding of amino acid histidine. Addition of TGG after six nucleotide results in the coding of amino acid threonine and transition at nucleotide 9 results in the coding of glycine amino acid.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18.1, Problem 20AQP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 1: A transition at nucleotide 11 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Transition mutation is a type of base-substitution mutation in which either a purine base is replaced with different purine base or pyrimidine base is replaced with different pyrimidine base. Due to transition mutation at nucleotide 11, the DNA template formed is 3′-TAC TGG CCG TCA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which thymine is replaced by cytosine. The m-RNA form 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon formed after mutation are AGU which codes for amino acid serine.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 2: A transition at nucleotide 13 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In transition mutation, a purine base is replaced by different purine base and pyrimidine base is replaced by different pyrimidine base. The transition at 13 nucleotides of DNA sequence results 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA ATT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which guanine is replaced by adenine. The m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU UAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon UAA acts as stop codon that terminates the process of translation.

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 3: A one-nucleotide deletion at nucleotide 7 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

c.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In deletion mutation, removal of single nucleotide results in a frameshift mutation that changes the reading frame. After deletion of the nucleotide at 7 positions the DNA sequence formed is 3′-TAC TGG CGT TAG TTG ATA TAA CT-5′ in which deletion of cytosine occurs. The m-RNA formed is 5′- AUG ACC GCA AUC AAC UAU AUU GA-3′. The codon GCA after deletion codes for alanine.

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 4: A T →A transversion at nucleotide 15 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

d.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In transversion mutation a pyrimidine base is replaced with purine base or purine base is replaced with pyrimidine base. After transversion of T →A the DNA sequence formed is 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTA GAT ATA ACT-5′. The m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU CAU CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon CAU codes for amino acid histidine.

e.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 5: An addition of TGG after nucleotide 6 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

e.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Addition of nucleotide in a DNA sequence results in a change in codon sequence that codes for different protein. On addition of TCG after 6 nucleotide DNA sequence is 3′-TAC TGG TCG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′. So the m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACG ACC GGC AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon ACC codes for amino acid threonine.

f.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 6: A transition at nucleotide 9 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

f.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Transition mutation involves the replacement of a purine with purine or pyrimidine with a pyrimidine. In this transition at nucleotide 9 forms, the DNA sequence is 3′-TAC TGG CCA TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which guanine is replaced by adenine. So, the m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACG GGU AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon GGU codes for amino acid glycine.

Conclusion

The mutation causes the change of sequence of nucleotide (one base) in a gene or a chromosome. A change in nucleotide at 11 position results in the coding of amino acid serine. Mutation at nucleotide 13 results in a stop codon. Deletion of the nucleotide at 7 results in the coding of alanine. Transversion of T→ A results in the coding of amino acid histidine. Addition of TGG after six nucleotide results in the coding of amino acid threonine and transition at nucleotide 9 results in the coding of glycine amino acid.

Answer 6

Chapter 18.1, Problem 20AQP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 1: A transition at nucleotide 11 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Transition mutation is a type of base-substitution mutation in which either a purine base is replaced with different purine base or pyrimidine base is replaced with different pyrimidine base. Due to transition mutation at nucleotide 11, the DNA template formed is 3′-TAC TGG CCG TCA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which thymine is replaced by cytosine. The m-RNA form 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon formed after mutation are AGU which codes for amino acid serine.

Answer 7

Chapter 18.1, Problem 20AQP

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 1: A transition at nucleotide 11 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

Answer 8

a.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Transition mutation is a type of base-substitution mutation in which either a purine base is replaced with different purine base or pyrimidine base is replaced with different pyrimidine base. Due to transition mutation at nucleotide 11, the DNA template formed is 3′-TAC TGG CCG TCA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which thymine is replaced by cytosine. The m-RNA form 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon formed after mutation are AGU which codes for amino acid serine.

Answer 9

a.

Expert Solution

Answer 10

a.

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 2: A transition at nucleotide 13 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In transition mutation, a purine base is replaced by different purine base and pyrimidine base is replaced by different pyrimidine base. The transition at 13 nucleotides of DNA sequence results 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA ATT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which guanine is replaced by adenine. The m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU UAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon UAA acts as stop codon that terminates the process of translation.

Answer 13

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 2: A transition at nucleotide 13 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

Answer 14

b.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In transition mutation, a purine base is replaced by different purine base and pyrimidine base is replaced by different pyrimidine base. The transition at 13 nucleotides of DNA sequence results 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA ATT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which guanine is replaced by adenine. The m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU UAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon UAA acts as stop codon that terminates the process of translation.

Answer 15

b.

Expert Solution

Answer 16

b.

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 3: A one-nucleotide deletion at nucleotide 7 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

c.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In deletion mutation, removal of single nucleotide results in a frameshift mutation that changes the reading frame. After deletion of the nucleotide at 7 positions the DNA sequence formed is 3′-TAC TGG CGT TAG TTG ATA TAA CT-5′ in which deletion of cytosine occurs. The m-RNA formed is 5′- AUG ACC GCA AUC AAC UAU AUU GA-3′. The codon GCA after deletion codes for alanine.

Answer 19

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 3: A one-nucleotide deletion at nucleotide 7 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

Answer 20

c.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In deletion mutation, removal of single nucleotide results in a frameshift mutation that changes the reading frame. After deletion of the nucleotide at 7 positions the DNA sequence formed is 3′-TAC TGG CGT TAG TTG ATA TAA CT-5′ in which deletion of cytosine occurs. The m-RNA formed is 5′- AUG ACC GCA AUC AAC UAU AUU GA-3′. The codon GCA after deletion codes for alanine.

Answer 21

c.

Expert Solution

Answer 22

c.

Expert Solution

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 4: A T →A transversion at nucleotide 15 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

d.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In transversion mutation a pyrimidine base is replaced with purine base or purine base is replaced with pyrimidine base. After transversion of T →A the DNA sequence formed is 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTA GAT ATA ACT-5′. The m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU CAU CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon CAU codes for amino acid histidine.

Answer 25

d.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 4: A T →A transversion at nucleotide 15 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

Answer 26

d.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In transversion mutation a pyrimidine base is replaced with purine base or purine base is replaced with pyrimidine base. After transversion of T →A the DNA sequence formed is 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTA GAT ATA ACT-5′. The m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACC GGC AGU CAU CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon CAU codes for amino acid histidine.

Answer 27

d.

Expert Solution

Answer 28

d.

Expert Solution

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Answer 30

e.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 5: An addition of TGG after nucleotide 6 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

e.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Addition of nucleotide in a DNA sequence results in a change in codon sequence that codes for different protein. On addition of TCG after 6 nucleotide DNA sequence is 3′-TAC TGG TCG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′. So the m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACG ACC GGC AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon ACC codes for amino acid threonine.

Answer 31

e.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 5: An addition of TGG after nucleotide 6 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

Answer 32

e.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Addition of nucleotide in a DNA sequence results in a change in codon sequence that codes for different protein. On addition of TCG after 6 nucleotide DNA sequence is 3′-TAC TGG TCG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′. So the m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACG ACC GGC AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon ACC codes for amino acid threonine.

Answer 33

e.

Expert Solution

Answer 34

e.

Expert Solution

Answer 35

Expert Solution

Answer 36

f.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 6: A transition at nucleotide 9 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

f.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Transition mutation involves the replacement of a purine with purine or pyrimidine with a pyrimidine. In this transition at nucleotide 9 forms, the DNA sequence is 3′-TAC TGG CCA TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which guanine is replaced by adenine. So, the m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACG GGU AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon GGU codes for amino acid glycine.

Conclusion

The mutation causes the change of sequence of nucleotide (one base) in a gene or a chromosome. A change in nucleotide at 11 position results in the coding of amino acid serine. Mutation at nucleotide 13 results in a stop codon. Deletion of the nucleotide at 7 results in the coding of alanine. Transversion of T→ A results in the coding of amino acid histidine. Addition of TGG after six nucleotide results in the coding of amino acid threonine and transition at nucleotide 9 results in the coding of glycine amino acid.

Answer 37

f.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Mutation 6: A transition at nucleotide 9 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

Answer 38

f.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Transition mutation involves the replacement of a purine with purine or pyrimidine with a pyrimidine. In this transition at nucleotide 9 forms, the DNA sequence is 3′-TAC TGG CCA TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′ in which guanine is replaced by adenine. So, the m-RNA formed is 5′-AUG ACG GGU AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA-3′ and codon GGU codes for amino acid glycine.

Answer 39

f.

Expert Solution

Answer 40

f.

Expert Solution

Answer 41

Expert Solution

Answer 42

Conclusion

The mutation causes the change of sequence of nucleotide (one base) in a gene or a chromosome. A change in nucleotide at 11 position results in the coding of amino acid serine. Mutation at nucleotide 13 results in a stop codon. Deletion of the nucleotide at 7 results in the coding of alanine. Transversion of T→ A results in the coding of amino acid histidine. Addition of TGG after six nucleotide results in the coding of amino acid threonine and transition at nucleotide 9 results in the coding of glycine amino acid.

Answer 43

Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1COQ Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2COQ Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 3COQ Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 4COQ Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 17AQP Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18AQP Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 19AQP

Mutation 1: A transition at nucleotide 11 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3 ′ -TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT- 5 ′

To determine: Mutation 1: A transition at nucleotide 11 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

Explanation of Solution

To determine: Mutation 2: A transition at nucleotide 13 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

Explanation of Solution

To determine: Mutation 3: A one-nucleotide deletion at nucleotide 7 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

Explanation of Solution

To determine: Mutation 4: A T →A transversion at nucleotide 15 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

Explanation of Solution

To determine: Mutation 5: An addition of TGG after nucleotide 6 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

Explanation of Solution

To determine: Mutation 6: A transition at nucleotide 9 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 18 Solutions

To determine:

Mutation 1: A transition at nucleotide 11 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

To determine:

Mutation 2: A transition at nucleotide 13 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′

To determine:

Mutation 3: A one-nucleotide deletion at nucleotide 7 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

To determine:

Mutation 4: A T →A transversion at nucleotide 15 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

To determine:

Mutation 5: An addition of TGG after nucleotide 6 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.

To determine:

Mutation 6: A transition at nucleotide 9 in a given nucleotide sequence of 3′-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5′.