Mechanism for the conversion of 1 into 3 has to be proposed. Concept introduction: Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction: It is a substitution reaction occurs on an aromatic ring where an atom present on it is displaced by an electrophile. Resonance is an electron displacement effect for stabilizing a molecule through delocalization of bonding electrons in the pi orbital. Delocalized electrons stabilize a compound. The extra stability gains from having delocalized electrons are called resonance stabilization or resonance energy. According to the explanations by Lewis acid theory, if a species donates an electron pair then it is a Lewis base whereas if a species receives an electron pair, then it is Lewis acid. When acid and base reacts, a new bond is formed between them by the lone pair of electrons.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 95CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism for the conversion of 1 into 3 has to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction: It is a substitution reaction occurs on an aromatic ring where an atom present on it is displaced by an electrophile.

Resonance is an electron displacement effect for stabilizing a molecule through delocalization of bonding electrons in the pi orbital.

Delocalized electrons stabilize a compound. The extra stability gains from having delocalized electrons are called resonance stabilization or resonance energy.

According to the explanations by Lewis acid theory, if a species donates an electron pair then it is a Lewis base whereas if a species receives an electron pair, then it is Lewis acid.

When acid and base reacts, a new bond is formed between them by the lone pair of electrons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Six rings in compound 3 are whether aromatic, providing an extended aromatic ring has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The conditions for aromatic compound are,

It should be cyclic

It should be planar (all atoms in the same plane)

It must obey the Huckel’s rule (have (4n+2) π electrons.)

It must be conjugated π system(all carbon should be in sp2 hybridized state)

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reason for why the two central rings of compound 3 are slightly twisted has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The conditions for aromatic compound are,

It should be cyclic

It should be planar (all atoms in the same plane)

It must obey the Huckel’s rule (have (4n+2) π electrons.)

It must be conjugated π system(all carbon should be in sp2 hybridized state)

Steric hindrance is the crowding in a molecule due to the presence of bulky substituent.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 95CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism for the conversion of 1 into 3 has to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction: It is a substitution reaction occurs on an aromatic ring where an atom present on it is displaced by an electrophile.

Resonance is an electron displacement effect for stabilizing a molecule through delocalization of bonding electrons in the pi orbital.

Delocalized electrons stabilize a compound. The extra stability gains from having delocalized electrons are called resonance stabilization or resonance energy.

According to the explanations by Lewis acid theory, if a species donates an electron pair then it is a Lewis base whereas if a species receives an electron pair, then it is Lewis acid.

When acid and base reacts, a new bond is formed between them by the lone pair of electrons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Six rings in compound 3 are whether aromatic, providing an extended aromatic ring has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The conditions for aromatic compound are,

It should be cyclic

It should be planar (all atoms in the same plane)

It must obey the Huckel’s rule (have (4n+2) π electrons.)

It must be conjugated π system(all carbon should be in sp2 hybridized state)

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reason for why the two central rings of compound 3 are slightly twisted has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The conditions for aromatic compound are,

It should be cyclic

It should be planar (all atoms in the same plane)

It must obey the Huckel’s rule (have (4n+2) π electrons.)

It must be conjugated π system(all carbon should be in sp2 hybridized state)

Steric hindrance is the crowding in a molecule due to the presence of bulky substituent.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 95CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism for the conversion of 1 into 3 has to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction: It is a substitution reaction occurs on an aromatic ring where an atom present on it is displaced by an electrophile.

Resonance is an electron displacement effect for stabilizing a molecule through delocalization of bonding electrons in the pi orbital.

Delocalized electrons stabilize a compound. The extra stability gains from having delocalized electrons are called resonance stabilization or resonance energy.

According to the explanations by Lewis acid theory, if a species donates an electron pair then it is a Lewis base whereas if a species receives an electron pair, then it is Lewis acid.

When acid and base reacts, a new bond is formed between them by the lone pair of electrons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Six rings in compound 3 are whether aromatic, providing an extended aromatic ring has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The conditions for aromatic compound are,

It should be cyclic

It should be planar (all atoms in the same plane)

It must obey the Huckel’s rule (have (4n+2) π electrons.)

It must be conjugated π system(all carbon should be in sp2 hybridized state)

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reason for why the two central rings of compound 3 are slightly twisted has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The conditions for aromatic compound are,

It should be cyclic

It should be planar (all atoms in the same plane)

It must obey the Huckel’s rule (have (4n+2) π electrons.)

It must be conjugated π system(all carbon should be in sp2 hybridized state)

Steric hindrance is the crowding in a molecule due to the presence of bulky substituent.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 95CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism for the conversion of 1 into 3 has to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction: It is a substitution reaction occurs on an aromatic ring where an atom present on it is displaced by an electrophile.

Resonance is an electron displacement effect for stabilizing a molecule through delocalization of bonding electrons in the pi orbital.

Delocalized electrons stabilize a compound. The extra stability gains from having delocalized electrons are called resonance stabilization or resonance energy.

According to the explanations by Lewis acid theory, if a species donates an electron pair then it is a Lewis base whereas if a species receives an electron pair, then it is Lewis acid.

When acid and base reacts, a new bond is formed between them by the lone pair of electrons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Six rings in compound 3 are whether aromatic, providing an extended aromatic ring has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The conditions for aromatic compound are,

It should be cyclic

It should be planar (all atoms in the same plane)

It must obey the Huckel’s rule (have (4n+2) π electrons.)

It must be conjugated π system(all carbon should be in sp2 hybridized state)

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reason for why the two central rings of compound 3 are slightly twisted has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The conditions for aromatic compound are,

It should be cyclic

It should be planar (all atoms in the same plane)

It must obey the Huckel’s rule (have (4n+2) π electrons.)

It must be conjugated π system(all carbon should be in sp2 hybridized state)

Steric hindrance is the crowding in a molecule due to the presence of bulky substituent.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 95CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism for the conversion of 1 into 3 has to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction: It is a substitution reaction occurs on an aromatic ring where an atom present on it is displaced by an electrophile.

Resonance is an electron displacement effect for stabilizing a molecule through delocalization of bonding electrons in the pi orbital.

Delocalized electrons stabilize a compound. The extra stability gains from having delocalized electrons are called resonance stabilization or resonance energy.

According to the explanations by Lewis acid theory, if a species donates an electron pair then it is a Lewis base whereas if a species receives an electron pair, then it is Lewis acid.

When acid and base reacts, a new bond is formed between them by the lone pair of electrons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Six rings in compound 3 are whether aromatic, providing an extended aromatic ring has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The conditions for aromatic compound are,

It should be cyclic

It should be planar (all atoms in the same plane)

It must obey the Huckel’s rule (have (4n+2) π electrons.)

It must be conjugated π system(all carbon should be in sp2 hybridized state)

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reason for why the two central rings of compound 3 are slightly twisted has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The conditions for aromatic compound are,

It should be cyclic

It should be planar (all atoms in the same plane)

It must obey the Huckel’s rule (have (4n+2) π electrons.)

It must be conjugated π system(all carbon should be in sp2 hybridized state)

Steric hindrance is the crowding in a molecule due to the presence of bulky substituent.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 95CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism for the conversion of 1 into 3 has to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction: It is a substitution reaction occurs on an aromatic ring where an atom present on it is displaced by an electrophile.

Resonance is an electron displacement effect for stabilizing a molecule through delocalization of bonding electrons in the pi orbital.

Delocalized electrons stabilize a compound. The extra stability gains from having delocalized electrons are called resonance stabilization or resonance energy.

According to the explanations by Lewis acid theory, if a species donates an electron pair then it is a Lewis base whereas if a species receives an electron pair, then it is Lewis acid.

When acid and base reacts, a new bond is formed between them by the lone pair of electrons.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 95CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism for the conversion of 1 into 3 has to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction: It is a substitution reaction occurs on an aromatic ring where an atom present on it is displaced by an electrophile.

Resonance is an electron displacement effect for stabilizing a molecule through delocalization of bonding electrons in the pi orbital.

Delocalized electrons stabilize a compound. The extra stability gains from having delocalized electrons are called resonance stabilization or resonance energy.

According to the explanations by Lewis acid theory, if a species donates an electron pair then it is a Lewis base whereas if a species receives an electron pair, then it is Lewis acid.

When acid and base reacts, a new bond is formed between them by the lone pair of electrons.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Six rings in compound 3 are whether aromatic, providing an extended aromatic ring has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The conditions for aromatic compound are,

It should be cyclic

It should be planar (all atoms in the same plane)

It must obey the Huckel’s rule (have (4n+2) π electrons.)

It must be conjugated π system(all carbon should be in sp2 hybridized state)

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Six rings in compound 3 are whether aromatic, providing an extended aromatic ring has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The conditions for aromatic compound are,

It should be cyclic

It should be planar (all atoms in the same plane)

It must obey the Huckel’s rule (have (4n+2) π electrons.)

It must be conjugated π system(all carbon should be in sp2 hybridized state)

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reason for why the two central rings of compound 3 are slightly twisted has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The conditions for aromatic compound are,

It should be cyclic

It should be planar (all atoms in the same plane)

It must obey the Huckel’s rule (have (4n+2) π electrons.)

It must be conjugated π system(all carbon should be in sp2 hybridized state)

Steric hindrance is the crowding in a molecule due to the presence of bulky substituent.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reason for why the two central rings of compound 3 are slightly twisted has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The conditions for aromatic compound are,

It should be cyclic

It should be planar (all atoms in the same plane)

It must obey the Huckel’s rule (have (4n+2) π electrons.)

It must be conjugated π system(all carbon should be in sp2 hybridized state)

Steric hindrance is the crowding in a molecule due to the presence of bulky substituent.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 5CC Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 6CC Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 8CC Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 9CC Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 10CC

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