Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material. Concept Introduction: Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction. The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance. Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom ( F , C l , B r , I ) . Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group ( − N O 2 ) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Question

What are the IUPAC Names of all the compounds in the picture?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 67PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Oxidation: If - oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Acylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution is the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides or anhydrides for the synthesis of monoacylated compound. The products are deactivated, as well as do not undergo a second substitution.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Oxidation: If electrons are moved from a species or oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction: SNAr reaction is a substitution reaction occurs on an aromatic ring where a good leaving group on it is displaced by a nucleophile.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

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What are the IUPAC Names of all the compounds in the picture?

1) a) Give the dominant Intermolecular Force (IMF) in a sample of each of the following compounds. Please show your work. (8) SF2, CH,OH, C₂H₂ b) Based on your answers given above, list the compounds in order of their Boiling Point from low to high. (8)

19.78 Write the products of the following sequences of reactions. Refer to your reaction road- maps to see how the combined reactions allow you to "navigate" between the different functional groups. Note that you will need your old Chapters 6-11 and Chapters 15-18 roadmaps along with your new Chapter 19 roadmap for these. (a) 1. BHS 2. H₂O₂ 3. H₂CrO4 4. SOCI₂ (b) 1. Cl₂/hv 2. KOLBU 3. H₂O, catalytic H₂SO4 4. H₂CrO4 Reaction Roadmap An alkene 5. EtOH 6.0.5 Equiv. NaOEt/EtOH 7. Mild H₂O An alkane 1.0 2. (CH3)₂S 3. H₂CrO (d) (c) 4. Excess EtOH, catalytic H₂SO OH 4. Mild H₂O* 5.0.5 Equiv. NaOEt/EtOH An alkene 6. Mild H₂O* A carboxylic acid 7. Mild H₂O* 1. SOC₁₂ 2. EtOH 3.0.5 Equiv. NaOEt/E:OH 5.1.0 Equiv. NaOEt 6. NH₂ (e) 1. 0.5 Equiv. NaOEt/EtOH 2. Mild H₂O* Br (f) i H An aldehyde 1. Catalytic NaOE/EtOH 2. H₂O*, heat 3. (CH,CH₂)₂Culi 4. Mild H₂O* 5.1.0 Equiv. LDA Br An ester 4. NaOH, H₂O 5. Mild H₂O* 6. Heat 7. MgBr 8. Mild H₂O* 7. Mild H₂O+

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 67PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Oxidation: If - oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Acylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution is the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides or anhydrides for the synthesis of monoacylated compound. The products are deactivated, as well as do not undergo a second substitution.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Oxidation: If electrons are moved from a species or oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction: SNAr reaction is a substitution reaction occurs on an aromatic ring where a good leaving group on it is displaced by a nucleophile.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 67PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Oxidation: If - oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Acylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution is the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides or anhydrides for the synthesis of monoacylated compound. The products are deactivated, as well as do not undergo a second substitution.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Oxidation: If electrons are moved from a species or oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction: SNAr reaction is a substitution reaction occurs on an aromatic ring where a good leaving group on it is displaced by a nucleophile.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 67PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Oxidation: If - oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Acylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution is the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides or anhydrides for the synthesis of monoacylated compound. The products are deactivated, as well as do not undergo a second substitution.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Oxidation: If electrons are moved from a species or oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction: SNAr reaction is a substitution reaction occurs on an aromatic ring where a good leaving group on it is displaced by a nucleophile.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 67PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Oxidation: If - oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Acylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution is the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides or anhydrides for the synthesis of monoacylated compound. The products are deactivated, as well as do not undergo a second substitution.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Oxidation: If electrons are moved from a species or oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction: SNAr reaction is a substitution reaction occurs on an aromatic ring where a good leaving group on it is displaced by a nucleophile.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 67PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 67PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Oxidation: If - oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Oxidation: If - oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Acylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution is the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides or anhydrides for the synthesis of monoacylated compound. The products are deactivated, as well as do not undergo a second substitution.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Acylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution is the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides or anhydrides for the synthesis of monoacylated compound. The products are deactivated, as well as do not undergo a second substitution.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Oxidation: If electrons are moved from a species or oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Oxidation: If electrons are moved from a species or oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction: SNAr reaction is a substitution reaction occurs on an aromatic ring where a good leaving group on it is displaced by a nucleophile.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction: SNAr reaction is a substitution reaction occurs on an aromatic ring where a good leaving group on it is displaced by a nucleophile.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

Answer 18

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

Answer 19

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) .

Answer 20

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

Answer 21

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group (−NO2) is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

Answer 22

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Answer 33

Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 5CC Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 6CC Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 8CC Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 9CC Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 10CC

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Chapter 18 Solutions