Chapter 18, Problem 29P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

From the given compounds from A to D, a compound containing a primary amine and a primary alcohol needs to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amine − is an organic N compounds formed by replacing one or more H atoms of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$ .Amines are classified as $1^0,2^0\text{ or }{3}^0$ by the number of alkyl groups bonded to the N atom.

  $1^0$ amines - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond

  $2^0$ amines- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond

  $3^0$ amines- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond

Alcohol- is an organic compound contains the group of $\text{OH}$ , bonded to a tetrahedral C atom.Alcohols are classified as $1^0,2^0\text{ or }{3}^0$ by the number of C atoms bonded to the C with the OH group.

  $1^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to one carbon.

  $2^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

  $3^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

Answer to Problem 29P

Structure C.

Explanation of Solution

Amines are formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia with alkyl groups.

  $1^0$ amines - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond.

  $2^0$ amines - Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond.

  $3^0$ amines - Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond.

Furthermore,

  $1^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to one carbon.

  $2^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

  $3^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

In the below stick and ball structure, C atoms are representing in black color, H atoms in white color, N atoms in blue color and O atoms in red color. Stick and ball structure can be simplified as below;

Bond that is indicated in red color is the only one $C-C$ bond that connects to the OH group boned C in alcohol which makes it as an $1^0$ alcohol. Bond that is indicated in blue color is the single $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond in the amine group which is responsible for the $1^0$ amine structure.

Hence, structure C is a compound that contains a $1^0$ amine and a $1^0$ alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

From the given compounds from A to D, a compound containing a secondary amine and a secondary alcohol needs to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amine − is an organic N compounds formed by replacing one or more H atoms of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$ .Amines are classified as $1^0,2^0\text{ or }{3}^0$ by the number of alkyl groups bonded to the N atom.

  $1^0$ amines - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond

  $2^0$ amines- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

  $3^0$ amines- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds

Alcohol- is an organic compound contains the group of $\text{OH}$ , bonded to a tetrahedral C atom. Alcohols are classified as $1^0,2^0\text{ or }{3}^0$ by the number of C atoms bonded to the C with the OH group.

  $1^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to one carbon.

  $2^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

  $3^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

Answer to Problem 29P

Structure D.

Explanation of Solution

Amines are formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia with alkyl groups.

  $1^0$ amines - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond.

  $2^0$ amines - Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

  $3^0$ amines - Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

Furthermore,

  $1^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to one carbon.

  $2^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

  $3^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

In the below stick and ball structure, C atoms are representing in black color, H atoms in white color, N atoms in blue color and O atoms in red color. Stick and ball structure can be simplified as below;

Bonds that are indicated in red color are the two $\text{C}-\text{C}$ bonds that connects to the OH group boned C in alcohol which makes it as an $2^0$ alcohol. Bonds that are indicated in blue color are the two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds in the amine group which is responsible for the $2^0$ amine structure.

Hence, structure D is a compound that contains a $2^0$ amine and a $2^0$ alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

From the given compounds from A to D, a compound containing a primary amine and a tertiary alcohol needs to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amine − is an organic N compounds formed by replacing one or more H atoms of $N{H}_3$ .Amines are classified as $1^0,2^0\text{ or }{3}^0$ by the number of alkyl groups bonded to the N atom.

  $1^0$ amines - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond

  $2^0$ amines- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond

  $3^0$ amines- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond

Alcohol- is an organic compound contains the group of $\text{OH}$ , bonded to a tetrahedral C atom. Alcohols are classified as $1^0,2^0\text{ or }{3}^0$ by the number of C atoms bonded to the C with the OH group.

  $1^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to one carbon.

  $2^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

  $3^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

Answer to Problem 29P

Structure B.

Explanation of Solution

Amines are formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia with alkyl groups.

  $1^0$ amines - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bond.

  $2^0$ amines - Consist two $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

  $3^0$ amines - Consist three $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bonds.

Furthermore,

  $1^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to one carbon.

  $2^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

  $3^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

In the below stick and ball structure, C atoms are representing in black color, H atoms in white color, N atoms in blue color and O atoms in red color. Stick and ball structure can be simplified as below;

Bonds that are indicated in red color are the three $\text{C}-\text{C}$ bonds that connects to the OH group boned C in alcohol which makes it as an $3^0$ alcohol. Bond that is indicated in blue color is the $\text{C}-\text{N}$ bondin the amine group which is responsible for the $1^0$ amine structure.

Hence, structure B is a compound that contains a $1^0$ amine and a $3^0$ alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

From the given compounds from A to D, a compound containing a tertiary amine and a primary alcohol needs to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Amine − is an organic N compounds formed by replacing one or more H atoms of $N{H}_3$ .Amines are classified as $1^0,2^0\text{ or }{3}^0$ by the number of alkyl groups bonded to the N atom.

  $1^0$ amines - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{}\text{N}$ bond

  $2^0$ amines- Consist two $\text{C}-\text{}\text{N}$ bonds

  $3^0$ amines- Consist three $\text{C}-\text{}\text{N}$ bonds

Alcohol- is an organic compound contains the group of $OH$ , bonded to a tetrahedral C atom. Alcohols are classified as $1^0,2^0\text{ or }{3}^0$ by the number of C atoms bonded to the C with the OH group.

  $1^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to one carbon.

  $2^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

  $3^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

Answer to Problem 29P

Structure A.

Explanation of Solution

Amines are formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia with alkyl groups.

  $1^0$ amines - Consist only one $\text{C}-\text{}\text{N}$ bond.

  $2^0$ amines - Consist two $\text{C}-\text{}\text{N}$ bond.

  $3^0$ amines - Consist three $\text{C}-\text{}\text{N}$ bond.

Furthermore,

  $1^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to one carbon.

  $2^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

  $3^0$ alcohols - Consist an OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

In the below stick and ball structure, C atoms are representing in black color, H atoms in white color, N atoms in blue color and O atoms in red color. Stick and ball structure can be simplified as below;

Bond that is indicated in red color is the only one $\text{C}-\text{C}$ bonds that connects to the OH group boned C in alcohol which makes it as an $1^0$ alcohol. Bonds that are indicated in blue color are the three $\text{C}-\text{}\text{N}$ bonds in the amine group which is responsible for the $3^0$ amine structure.

Hence, structure A is a compound that contains a $3^0$ amine and a $1^0$ alcohol.