Chapter 18, Problem 1CQ

There are very large numbers of charged particles in most objects. Why, then, don't most objects exhibit static electricity?

To determine

The reason because of which most objects don't have static electricity.

Explanation of Solution

Static electricity

The study of charges at rest is known as static electricity.

For the object to have electricity at rest, the object must have certain amount of charge on it.

As we know that the composition of a matter is of number of atom and atom also consist of number of revolving electrons which are negatively charged around the nucleus in designated orbits.

Nucleus of the atom is of very small in size of about $1Fermi$ which is equivalent to ${10}^{-15}m$

The nucleus of the atoms consists of uncharged or neutral particles called neutrons and the charged particles protons that are charged positively.

Due to the presence of nuclear force which is strong in nature inside the atom the particles are held strongly with the nucleus.

As in an atom in stable state, the protons must be equal to the electrons in it.

Due to the magnitude value of electron charge is equal to that of magnitude value of proton. Thus, the resultant charge on atom is zero and it does not have any charge and is neutral electrically.

An atom is considered of having a charge when if it loses or release an electron, or it accepts electron. If it releases electron, then the charge on the atom gets positive and if it gains the negatively charged particle that is electron then it becomes negative charge.

That in turns results in the existence of static electricity in it.

Since, even if an object is having atoms in large number in it, it still does not have static electricity, because to have electricity in static terms the object will have some resultant charge, that is not the case with the object having no charge.

Conclusion:

Since, even if an object is having atoms in large number in it, it still does not have static electricity, because to have electricity in static terms the object will have some resultant charge, which does not the case with the object having no charge.