The complete and detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn. Concept introduction: The nitrile group can be hydrolysed to a ketone on treatment with alcohol under acidic condition. The alcohol and water both act as nucleophiles in two nucleophilic addition steps. The proton transfers steps add protons to N and remove them from O , so no strongly basic species appears in the mechanism. A necessary condition for a reaction takes place under acidic condition. Proton transfer steps in the mechanism turn N into a good leaving group. Furthermore, tautomerization leads to a final product. The base is not permitted in the mechanism.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete and detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The nitrile group can be hydrolysed to a ketone on treatment with alcohol under acidic condition. The alcohol and water both act as nucleophiles in two nucleophilic addition steps. The proton transfers steps add protons to N and remove them from O, so no strongly basic species appears in the mechanism. A necessary condition for a reaction takes place under acidic condition. Proton transfer steps in the mechanism turn N into a good leaving group. Furthermore, tautomerization leads to a final product. The base is not permitted in the mechanism.

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Problem 6-17 Look at the following energy diagram: Energy Reaction progress (a) Is AG for the reaction positive or negative? Label it on the diagram. (b) How many steps are involved in the reaction? (c) How many transition states are there? Label them on the diagram. Problem 6-19 What is the difference between a transition state and an intermediate? Problem 6-21 Draw an energy diagram for a two-step reaction with Keq > 1. Label the overall AG°, transition states, and intermediate. Is AG° positive or negative? Problem 6-23 Draw an energy diagram for a reaction with Keq = 1. What is the value of AG° in this reaction?

Problem 6-37 Draw the different monochlorinated constitutional isomers you would obtain by the radical chlorination of the following compounds. (b) (c) Problem 6-39 Show the structure of the carbocation that would result when each of the following alkenes reacts with an acid, H+. (a) (b) (c)

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete and detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The nitrile group can be hydrolysed to a ketone on treatment with alcohol under acidic condition. The alcohol and water both act as nucleophiles in two nucleophilic addition steps. The proton transfers steps add protons to N and remove them from O, so no strongly basic species appears in the mechanism. A necessary condition for a reaction takes place under acidic condition. Proton transfer steps in the mechanism turn N into a good leaving group. Furthermore, tautomerization leads to a final product. The base is not permitted in the mechanism.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete and detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The nitrile group can be hydrolysed to a ketone on treatment with alcohol under acidic condition. The alcohol and water both act as nucleophiles in two nucleophilic addition steps. The proton transfers steps add protons to N and remove them from O, so no strongly basic species appears in the mechanism. A necessary condition for a reaction takes place under acidic condition. Proton transfer steps in the mechanism turn N into a good leaving group. Furthermore, tautomerization leads to a final product. The base is not permitted in the mechanism.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction