The mechanism of intramolecular aldol reaction involving heptanedial is to be drawn, along with the major product. Why this reaction is favored is to explained. Concept introduction: Intramolecular reactions are the ones in which the electron-rich and electron-poor sites are present within the same molecule. When ketones or aldehydes are treated with a strong base, they yield β -hydroxycarbonyl compounds via an aldol addition. Under these basic conditions, an enolate anion acts as a nucleophile. An intramolecular reaction is favored when it forms a five or six-membered ring. Intramolecular reactions involving the attack of an aldehyde C=O are favored over ones involving the attack of a ketone C=O . The first step is the formation of an enolate ion. The HO − reversibly deprotonates the alpha carbon to yield an enolate anion. In step two, the newly formed enolate anion, which serves as a nucleophile, attacks the carbonyl carbon present within the same molecule. The product of this step is an alkoxide ion, which is subsequently protonated in step 3.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.31P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of intramolecular aldol reaction involving heptanedial is to be drawn, along with the major product. Why this reaction is favored is to explained.

Concept introduction:

Intramolecular reactions are the ones in which the electron-rich and electron-poor sites are present within the same molecule. When ketones or aldehydes are treated with a strong base, they yield β-hydroxycarbonyl compounds via an aldol addition. Under these basic conditions, an enolate anion acts as a nucleophile. An intramolecular reaction is favored when it forms a five or six-membered ring. Intramolecular reactions involving the attack of an aldehyde C=O are favored over ones involving the attack of a ketone C=O.

The first step is the formation of an enolate ion. The HO− reversibly deprotonates the alpha carbon to yield an enolate anion. In step two, the newly formed enolate anion, which serves as a nucleophile, attacks the carbonyl carbon present within the same molecule. The product of this step is an alkoxide ion, which is subsequently protonated in step 3.

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3. Consider the compounds below and determine if they are aromatic, antiaromatic, or non-aromatic. In case of aromatic or anti-aromatic, please indicate number of I electrons in the respective systems. (Hint: 1. Not all lone pair electrons were explicitly drawn and you should be able to tell that the bonding electrons and lone pair electrons should reside in which hybridized atomic orbital 2. You should consider ring strain- flexibility and steric repulsion that facilitates adoption of aromaticity or avoidance of anti- aromaticity) H H N N: NH2 N Aromaticity (Circle) Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic aromatic TT electrons Me H Me Aromaticity (Circle) Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic aromatic πT electrons H HH…

A chemistry graduate student is studying the rate of this reaction: 2 HI (g) →H2(g) +12(g) She fills a reaction vessel with HI and measures its concentration as the reaction proceeds: time (minutes) [IH] 0 0.800M 1.0 0.301 M 2.0 0.185 M 3.0 0.134M 4.0 0.105 M Use this data to answer the following questions. Write the rate law for this reaction. rate = 0 Calculate the value of the rate constant k. k = Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Also be sure your answer has the correct unit symbol.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.31P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of intramolecular aldol reaction involving heptanedial is to be drawn, along with the major product. Why this reaction is favored is to explained.

Concept introduction:

Intramolecular reactions are the ones in which the electron-rich and electron-poor sites are present within the same molecule. When ketones or aldehydes are treated with a strong base, they yield β-hydroxycarbonyl compounds via an aldol addition. Under these basic conditions, an enolate anion acts as a nucleophile. An intramolecular reaction is favored when it forms a five or six-membered ring. Intramolecular reactions involving the attack of an aldehyde C=O are favored over ones involving the attack of a ketone C=O.

The first step is the formation of an enolate ion. The HO− reversibly deprotonates the alpha carbon to yield an enolate anion. In step two, the newly formed enolate anion, which serves as a nucleophile, attacks the carbonyl carbon present within the same molecule. The product of this step is an alkoxide ion, which is subsequently protonated in step 3.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.31P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of intramolecular aldol reaction involving heptanedial is to be drawn, along with the major product. Why this reaction is favored is to explained.

Concept introduction:

Intramolecular reactions are the ones in which the electron-rich and electron-poor sites are present within the same molecule. When ketones or aldehydes are treated with a strong base, they yield β-hydroxycarbonyl compounds via an aldol addition. Under these basic conditions, an enolate anion acts as a nucleophile. An intramolecular reaction is favored when it forms a five or six-membered ring. Intramolecular reactions involving the attack of an aldehyde C=O are favored over ones involving the attack of a ketone C=O.

The first step is the formation of an enolate ion. The HO− reversibly deprotonates the alpha carbon to yield an enolate anion. In step two, the newly formed enolate anion, which serves as a nucleophile, attacks the carbonyl carbon present within the same molecule. The product of this step is an alkoxide ion, which is subsequently protonated in step 3.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.31P

Interpretation Introduction