
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of
Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.
(b)
Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of
Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.
(c)
Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of
Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.
(d)
Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of
Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

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Chapter 18 Solutions
GENERAL,ORGANIC,+BIO.CHEM.-MINDTAP
- Synthesize 2-Ethyl-3-methyloxirane from dimethyl(propyl)sulfonium iodide using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forwardSynthesize 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetonitrile from phenylmethanol using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forwardSynthesize N-Methylcyclohexylamine from cyclohexanol using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forward
- Synthesize N-Methylcyclohexylamine from cyclohexanol using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forwardIf possible, please provide the formula of the compound 3,3-dimethylbut-2-enal.arrow_forwardSynthesize 1,4-dibromobenzene from acetanilide (N-phenylacetamide) using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forward
- Indicate the products obtained by mixing (3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide with sodium hydride.arrow_forwardWe mix N-ethyl-2-hexanamine with excess methyl iodide and followed by heating with aqueous Ag2O. Indicate the major products obtained.arrow_forwardIndicate the products obtained by mixing acetophenone with iodine and NaOH.arrow_forward
- Indicate the products obtained by mixing 2-Propanone and ethyllithium and performing a subsequent acid hydrolysis.arrow_forwardIndicate the products obtained if (E)-2-butenal and 3-oxo-butanenitrile are mixed with sodium ethoxide in ethanol.arrow_forwardQuestion 3 (4 points), Draw a full arrow-pushing mechanism for the following reaction Please draw all structures clearly. Note that this intramolecular cyclization is analogous to the mechanism for halohydrin formation. COH Br + HBr Brarrow_forward
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