1 Keys To Studying Chemistry 2 The Components Of Matter 3 Stoichiometry Of Formulas And Equations 4 Three Major Classes Of Chemical Reactions 5 Gases And The Kinetic-molecular Theory 6 Thermochemistry: Energy Flow And Chemical Change 7 Quantum Theory And Atomic Structure 8 Electron Configuration And Chemical Periodicity 9 Models Of Chemical Bonding 10 The Shapes Of Molecules 11 Theories Of Covalent Bonding 12 Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, And Phase Changes 13 The Properties Of Mixtures: Solutions And Colloids 14 Periodic Patterns In The Main-group Elements 15 Organic Compounds And The Atomic Properties Of Carbon 16 Kinetics: Rates And Mechanisms Of Chemical Reactions 17 Equilibrium: The Extent Of A Chemical Reactions 18 Acid-base Equilibria 19 Ionic Equilibria In Aqueous Systems 20 Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, And Direction Of Chemical Reactions 21 Electrochemistry: Chemical Change And Electrical Work 22 The Elements In Nature And Industry 23 Transition Elements And Their Coordination Compounds 24 Nuclear Reactions And Their Applications expand_more
18.1 Acids And Bases In Water 18.2 Autoionization Of Water And The Ph Scale 18.3 Proton Transfer And The Bronsted Lowry Acid-base Definition 18.4 Solving Problems Involving Weak-acid Equilibria 18.5 Molecular Properties And Acid Strength 18.6 Weak Bases And Their Relation To Weak Acids 18.7 Acid-base Properties Of Salt Solutions 18.8 Generalizing The Bronsted-lowry Concept: The Leveling Effect 18.9 Electron-pair Donation And The Lewis Acid-base Definition Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 18.1P Problem 18.2P Problem 18.3P Problem 18.4P: What do “strong” and “weak” mean for acids and bases? The Ka values of weak acids vary over more... Problem 18.5P Problem 18.6P Problem 18.7P Problem 18.8P: Which of the following are Arrhenius bases?
CH3COOH
HOH
CH3OH
H2NNH2
Problem 18.9P Problem 18.10P Problem 18.11P Problem 18.12P Problem 18.13P: Use Appendix C to rank the following in order of increasing acid strength: HIO3, HI, CH3COOH, HF.
Problem 18.14P Problem 18.15P: Classify each as a strong or weak acid or base:
H3AsO4
Sr(OH)2
HIO
HClO4
Problem 18.16P Problem 18.17P Problem 18.18P Problem 18.19P Problem 18.20P Problem 18.21P Problem 18.22P: Which solution has the higher pH? Explain.
A 0.1 M solution of an acid with Ka = 1×10−4 or one with... Problem 18.23P: (a) What is the pH of 0.0111 M NaOH? Is the solution neutral, acidic, or basic? (b) What is the pOH... Problem 18.24P: (a) What is the pH of 0.0333 M HNO3? Is the solution neutral, acidic, or basic? (b) What is the pOH... Problem 18.25P Problem 18.26P: (a) What is the pH of 7.52×10−4 M CsOH? Is the solution neutral, acidic, or basic? (b) What is the... Problem 18.27P Problem 18.28P Problem 18.29P Problem 18.30P Problem 18.31P Problem 18.32P Problem 18.33P Problem 18.34P Problem 18.35P: The two molecular scenes shown depict the relative concentrations of H3O+ (purple) in solutions of... Problem 18.36P Problem 18.37P Problem 18.38P Problem 18.39P: A Brønstcd-Lowry acid-base reaction proceeds in the net direction in which a stronger acid and... Problem 18.40P Problem 18.41P Problem 18.42P Problem 18.43P: Give the formula of the conjugate base:
HCl
H2CO3
H2O
Problem 18.44P: Give the formula of the conjugate base:
Problem 18.45P: Give the formula of the conjugate acid:
NH3
nicotine, C10H14N2
Problem 18.46P Problem 18.47P Problem 18.48P: In each equation, label the acids, bases, and conjugate pairs:
NH3 + HNO3 ⇌ +
O2− + H2O ⇌ OH− +... Problem 18.49P Problem 18.50P Problem 18.51P Problem 18.52P Problem 18.53P Problem 18.54P: The following aqueous species constitute two conjugate acid-base pairs. Use them to write one... Problem 18.55P Problem 18.56P: Use Figure 18.8 to determine whether Kc > 1 for
OH− + HS− ⇌ H2O + S2−
HCN + ⇌ H2CO3 + CN−
Problem 18.57P Problem 18.58P Problem 18.59P Problem 18.60P Problem 18.61P Problem 18.62P Problem 18.63P Problem 18.64P Problem 18.65P Problem 18.66P Problem 18.67P Problem 18.68P Problem 18.69P: Hypochlorous acid, HClO, has a pKa of 7.54. What are [H3O+], pH, [ClO−], and [HClO] in 0.115 M... Problem 18.70P Problem 18.71P Problem 18.72P Problem 18.73P Problem 18.74P Problem 18.75P Problem 18.76P Problem 18.77P Problem 18.78P Problem 18.79P Problem 18.80P Problem 18.81P Problem 18.82P Problem 18.83P: Formic acid, HCOOH, the simplest carboxylic acid, is used in the textile and rubber industries and... Problem 18.84P: Across a period, how does the electronegativity of a nonmetal affect the acidity of its binary... Problem 18.85P: How does the atomic size of a nonmetal affect the acidity of its binary hydride?
Problem 18.86P Problem 18.87P Problem 18.88P Problem 18.89P Problem 18.90P: Choose the stronger acid in each of the following pairs:
H2Se or H3As
B(OH)3 or Al(OH)3
HBrO2 or... Problem 18.91P Problem 18.92P Problem 18.93P Problem 18.94P: Use Appendix C to choose the solution with the higher pH:
0.2 M Ni(NO3)2 or 0.2 M Co(NO3)2
0.35 M... Problem 18.95P Problem 18.96P Problem 18.97P Problem 18.98P Problem 18.99P Problem 18.100P Problem 18.101P Problem 18.102P Problem 18.103P Problem 18.104P Problem 18.105P Problem 18.106P Problem 18.107P Problem 18.108P Problem 18.109P: What is the pKb of ?
What is the pKa of the dimethylammonium ion, ?
Problem 18.110P Problem 18.111P Problem 18.112P Problem 18.113P Problem 18.114P Problem 18.115P Problem 18.116P Problem 18.117P Problem 18.118P Problem 18.119P Problem 18.120P Problem 18.121P Problem 18.122P Problem 18.123P Problem 18.124P Problem 18.125P: Explain with equations and calculations, when necessary, whether an aqueous solution of each of... Problem 18.126P Problem 18.127P Problem 18.128P: Rank the following salts in order of increasing pH of their 0.1 M aqueous solutions:
KNO3, K2SO3,... Problem 18.129P: Rank the following salts in order of decreasing pH of their 0.1 M aqueous solutions:
FeCl2, FcCl3,... Problem 18.130P Problem 18.131P Problem 18.132P Problem 18.133P Problem 18.134P Problem 18.135P Problem 18.136P Problem 18.137P Problem 18.138P Problem 18.139P Problem 18.140P: Which are Lewis acids and which are Lewis bases?
BF3
S2−
SO3
Problem 18.141P Problem 18.142P Problem 18.143P Problem 18.144P Problem 18.145P: Classify the following as Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, or Lewis acid-base reactions. A reaction may... Problem 18.146P: Chloral (Cl3C—CH=O) forms a monohydrate, chloral hydrate, the sleep-inducing depressant called... Problem 18.147P Problem 18.148P Problem 18.149P Problem 18.150P Problem 18.151P Problem 18.152P Problem 18.153P Problem 18.154P Problem 18.155P: The strength of an acid or base is related to its strength as an electrolyte. (a) Is the electrical... Problem 18.156P Problem 18.157P: Three beakers contain 100. mL of 0.10 M HCl, HClO2, and HClO, respectively. (a) Find the pH of each.... Problem 18.158P Problem 18.159P Problem 18.160P Problem 18.161P Problem 18.162P Problem 18.163P: What is the pH of a vinegar with 5.0% (w/v) acetic acid in water?
Problem 18.164P Problem 18.165P Problem 18.166P Problem 18.167P Problem 18.168P Problem 18.169P Problem 18.170P Problem 18.171P Problem 18.172P Problem 18.173P Problem 18.174P Problem 18.175P Problem 18.176P Problem 18.177P Problem 18.178P Problem 18.179P Problem 18.180P Problem 18.181P Problem 18.182P Problem 18.183P Problem 18.184P Problem 18.185P: Drinking water is often disinfected with Cl2, which hydrolyzes to form HClO, a weak acid but... Problem 18.186P format_list_bulleted
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY