Chapter 18, Problem 18.39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The explanation has to be given for the stronger acid and stronger base form a weaker acid and weaker base.

Concept introduction:

Bronsted –Lowry definitions:

A Bronsted –Lowry acid is a proton donor, it donates a hydrogen ion (${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$), a Bronsted-Lowry base is a proton acceptor, it accepts a hydrogen ion (${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$).

Bronsted –Lowry conjugate acid-Base pairs:

When an acid is dissolved in water, the acid $\text{(HA)}$ donates a proton to water to form a new acid (conjugate acid) and a new base (conjugate base).

The pair of an Acid –Base differs by a proton called conjugated Acid-Base pair.

The $\text{pH}$ is a unit of measure which describe the degree of alkanity or acidity of a solution.

  $\text{pH = }-\text{log}\left[{\text{H}}^{{}^{+}}\right]$

A solution may be acidic and basic depends on relative strength of anions as an acid or base. Anions and cations can be acidic, basic and netural. Acidic have $\text{pH < 7}$, basic have $\text{pH > 7}$ and netural have $\text{pH=7}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strong acid and strong base have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Bronsted –Lowry definitions:

A Bronsted –Lowry acid is a proton donor, it donates a hydrogen ion (${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$), a Bronsted-Lowry base is a proton acceptor, it accepts a hydrogen ion (${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$).

Bronsted –Lowry conjugate acid-Base pairs:

When an acid is dissolved in water, the acid $\text{(HA)}$ donates a proton to water to form a new acid (conjugate acid) and a new base (conjugate base).

The pair of an Acid –Base differs by a proton called conjugated Acid-Base pair.

The $\text{pH}$ is a unit of measure which describe the degree of alkanity or acidity of a solution.

  $\text{pH = }-\text{log}\left[{\text{H}}^{{}^{+}}\right]$

A solution may be acidic and basic depends on relative strength of anions as an acid or base. Anions and cations can be acidic, basic and netural. Acidic have $\text{pH < 7}$, basic have $\text{pH > 7}$ and netural have $\text{pH=7}$.