(a) Interpretation: The phenol derivative which is more acidic among 2, 5-dinitrophenol and 2, 4-dinitrophenol is to be stated. Concept introduction: The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the − R and − I effect of the substituent at other position. This increases the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.30P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among 2, 5-dinitrophenol and 2, 4-dinitrophenol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I effect of the substituent at other position. This increases the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among phenol and m- chlorophenol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I of the substituent at other position increasing the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and m-hydroxybenzaldehyde is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I of the substituent at other position increasing the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

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Dr. Mendel asked his BIOL 260 class what their height was and what their parent's heights were. He plotted that data in the graph below to determine if height was a heritable trait. A. Is height a heritable trait? If yes, what is the heritability value? (2 pts) B. If the phenotypic variation is 30, what is the variation due to additive alleles? (2 pts) Offspring Height (Inches) 75 67.5 60 52.5 y = 0.9264x + 4.8519 55 60 65 MidParent Height (Inches) 70 75 12pt v V Paragraph B IUA > AT2 v V

Experiment: Each team will be provided with 5g of a mixture of acetanilide and salicylic acid. You will divide it into three 1.5 g portions in separate 125 mL Erlenmeyer flasks savıng some for melting point analysis. Dissolve the mixture in each flask in ~60mL of DI water by heating to boiling on a hotplate. Take the flasks off the hotplate once you have a clear solution and let them stand on the bench top for 5 mins and then allow them to cool as described below. Sample A-Let the first sample cool slowly to room temperature by letting it stand on your lab bench, with occasional stirring to promote crystallization. Sample B-Cool the second sample 1n a tap-water bath to 10-15 °C Sample C-Cool the third sample in an ice-bath to 0-2 °C Results: weight after recrystalization and melting point temp. A=0.624g,102-115° B=0.765g, 80-105° C=1.135g, 77-108 What is the percent yield of A,B, and C.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.30P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among 2, 5-dinitrophenol and 2, 4-dinitrophenol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I effect of the substituent at other position. This increases the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among phenol and m- chlorophenol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I of the substituent at other position increasing the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and m-hydroxybenzaldehyde is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I of the substituent at other position increasing the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.30P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among 2, 5-dinitrophenol and 2, 4-dinitrophenol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I effect of the substituent at other position. This increases the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among phenol and m- chlorophenol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I of the substituent at other position increasing the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and m-hydroxybenzaldehyde is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I of the substituent at other position increasing the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.30P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among 2, 5-dinitrophenol and 2, 4-dinitrophenol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I effect of the substituent at other position. This increases the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among phenol and m- chlorophenol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I of the substituent at other position increasing the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and m-hydroxybenzaldehyde is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I of the substituent at other position increasing the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.30P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among 2, 5-dinitrophenol and 2, 4-dinitrophenol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I effect of the substituent at other position. This increases the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among phenol and m- chlorophenol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I of the substituent at other position increasing the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and m-hydroxybenzaldehyde is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I of the substituent at other position increasing the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.30P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among 2, 5-dinitrophenol and 2, 4-dinitrophenol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I effect of the substituent at other position. This increases the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.30P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among 2, 5-dinitrophenol and 2, 4-dinitrophenol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I effect of the substituent at other position. This increases the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among phenol and m- chlorophenol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I of the substituent at other position increasing the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among phenol and m- chlorophenol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I of the substituent at other position increasing the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and m-hydroxybenzaldehyde is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I of the substituent at other position increasing the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The phenol derivative which is more acidic among p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and m-hydroxybenzaldehyde is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic strength of the phenol molecule is dependent on the stabilization of the phenoxide ion formed after the dissociation of the proton. The phenoxide ion is stabilized by the resonance effect. The phenoxide is more stabilized by the −R and −I of the substituent at other position increasing the acidic strength of the phenol derivative.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.1P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.2P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.3P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.4P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.6P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.7P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.8P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the phenol derivative is more acidic than the 2, 5-dinitrophenol.

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Chapter 18 Solutions