
(a)
Interpretation:
The highest oxidation state of oxide in each mentioned elements has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation state:
As per the IUPAC definition, the charge of the atom is the oxidation state of an atom after ionic approximation of its heteronuclear bonds or it is a number assigned to an atom or an element which represents the number of electrons lost or gained.
(b)
Interpretation:
The acidic or basic or amphoteric nature of the oxides has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Acid:
The substance which is capable of accepting a pair of nonbonding electrons and forms covalent bond
Base:
The substance which is capable of donating a pair of nonbonding electrons
Amphoteric compound:
It can behave like acid as well as base in a
(c)
Interpretation:
The most ionic oxide and most covalent oxide have to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Covalent bond:
The bond which involves sharing of electrons between the atoms present in the molecule
Ionic bond:
The bond which involves transfer of electrons between the atoms present in the molecule
(d)
Interpretation:
The molecular oxide and solids with infinitely extended three dimensional crystal structures have to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Three dimensional crystal structures:
The orderly arrangement of the atoms and ions of crystal which are extended further and held together by internal bonding forces
(e)
Interpretation:
The oxide with highest melting point and lowest melting point has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Melting point:
The temperature at which the given solid material changes to liquid is known as melting point.
Lattice energy:
It is the measure of energy released when ions come together to make a compound. The unit of lattice energy is

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Chapter 18 Solutions
General Chemistry: Atoms First
- Explain the reasons for a compound's greater or lesser reactivity toward electrophilic aromatic substitution. Give reasons.arrow_forwardDraw the products of a reaction of the following alkyle chloride, shown below in the 3D ball and stick model with NaSCH3. Ignore inorganic byproducts. In the figure, a gray ball indicates a carbon atom a white ball indicates a hydrogen atom anda agreen ball indicated a chlorine atomarrow_forwardDraw the most stable cations formed in the mass spectrometer by a deavage of the following compound Draw the most stable cations formed in the mass spectrometer by a cleavage of the following compound онarrow_forward
- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting anand product sytucutrs, draw the curved electron-pusing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic steps. Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bind-making stepsarrow_forwardDraw the major elimination and substitution products formed in this reavtion. Use a dash or wedge bond to indicatr the stereochemistry of substituents on assymetric centers, wheere applicable. Ignore any inorganic byproducts.arrow_forwardDraw the two possible products produced in this E2 elimination. Ignore any inorganic byproductsarrow_forward
- Draw the major products of this SN1 reaction. Ignore any inorganic byproducts.arrow_forwardDraw the major elimination and substitution products formed in this reaction. Use a dash or wedge bond to indicate the stereochemistry of substituents on asymmetric centers, wehre applicable. Ignore and inorganic byproducts.arrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. Drawing Arrows THE Problem 33 of 35 N. C:0 Na + Submit Drag To Pan +arrow_forward
- Draw the product of the E2 reaction shown below. Include the correct stereochemistry. Ignore and inorganic byproducts.arrow_forwardDraw the major producrs of this SN1 reaction. Ignore any inorganic byproducts. Use a dash or wedge bond to indicate the sereochemistry of substituents on asymmetric centers where appllicable.arrow_forward5) Oxaloacetic Acid is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of citric acid. Synthesize oxaloacetic acid using a mixed Claisen Condensation reaction with two different esters and a sodium ethoxide base. Give your answer as a scheme Hint 1: Your final acid product is producing using a decarboxylation reaction. Hint 2: Look up the structure of oxalic acid. HO all OH oxaloacetic acidarrow_forward
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