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Interpretation:
Use the Merck Index or a similar reference work to look up the toxicities of cocaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine. It is always accurate to compare toxicities in different animals and extrapolate those animals toxicities to humans? Does the method of administration have an effect on the observed toxicity?
Concept introduction:
The different conversion methods of the drug’s toxicity which is dose related from animals to humans are being reviewed. Here every method is examined according to its limitation and utility. From animals to humans the linear extrapolation dependent on the equivalence of the body weight and shown to be not accurate unless specific conversion components of species are used. There are two approached are based on the Pharmacokinetic approach: -
- AUC i.e. direct use of plasma concentration
- PBPK models i.e. physiologically based pharmacokinetic.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
EBK CHEMISTRY FOR CHANGING TIMES
- Q1: Draw the most stable and the least stable Newman projections about the C2-C3 bond for each of the following isomers (A-C). Are the barriers to rotation identical for enantiomers A and B? How about the diastereomers (A versus C or B versus C)? enantiomers H Br H Br (S) CH3 H3C (S) (R) CH3 H3C H Br A Br H C H Br H3C (R) B (R)CH3 H Br H Br H3C (R) (S) CH3 Br H D identicalarrow_forwardLabel the spectrumarrow_forwardNonearrow_forward
- Please correct answer and don't use hand rating and don't use Ai solutionarrow_forwardHow would you distinguish the following compounds from each other using IR only (GRADED)? NH2 HN VS کر A B VS N. Carrow_forwardQ4: Draw the mirror image of the following molecules. Are the molecules chiral? C/ F CI CI CH3 CI CH3 CI CH3 CH 3 |||||... CH3arrow_forward
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