Chapter 17.3, Problem 17.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

All the functional groups present in phenacetin have to be identified

Concept Introduction:

Carboxylic acid: One $-OH$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCOOH$

Ether: Ether is a group of organic compound where two aryl or alkyl groups are connected by an oxygen atom. It is represented as $ROR\text{'}$.

Amide: One $-N{H}_2$, $-NHR\text{'}$ or $-NR{\text{'}}_2$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCONR{\text{'}}_2$.

Aromatic Compounds: Compounds that are planar, cyclic and having $\left(4n+2\right)\pi$ electrons are known as aromatic compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The carboxylic acid and amine that are needed to form phenacetin has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acid: One $-OH$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCOOH$

Amide: One $-N{H}_2$, $-NHR\text{'}$ or $-NR{\text{'}}_2$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCONR{\text{'}}_2$.

Amide Formation: Amide is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an amine or ammonia.

• Primary amide is produce when a carboxylic acid reacts with ammonia.
• Secondary and tertiary amide is produce when a carboxylic acid reacts with primary and secondary amine respectively.
• Ammonium salt is formed when tertiary amine and a carboxylic acid reacts forming an ionic compound with a carboxylate acid anion and a trialkyl ammonium cation since there is no hydrogen atom in trialkyl amine