CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-TEXT,AP ED.
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780136811206
Author: Urry
Publisher: SAVVAS L
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Chapter 17, Problem 6TYU
Summary Introduction
To draw:
The replicative cycle of a virus within a single-stranded genome that can function as mRNA.
Introduction:
Viruses are microbes that divide and increase their number using the replicative machinery of the host. Mostly, they have single stranded RNA as their genetic material but some viruses have double-stranded DNA as their genetic material.
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Students have asked these similar questions
The diagrams below represent nucleic acid genomic material and a finished product after
the viral polymerase acted on the genomic material. Name the virus (either family, genus,
or particular virus is acceptable) that these diagrams represent.
A is
B is
C is
Dis
Genomic material
Product
+ sense RNA
A 5' VPB
-sense RNA
3'
VPg 5'
-sense RNA
5' cap
Derived from infected cell
B
3'
5'
AAAAA(A) 3
+ sense RNA
C
+ sense RNA
-sense RNA
+sense RNA
5'
3'
Assume you isolate a single stranded (+) RNA virus. When you examine the proteins in the virus, you find that it does NOT contain replicase enzymes within its capsid. Which of the following is true?
This virus must have a gene that encodes replicase.
This virus will not be able to enter a host cell.
Its genome cannot be translated (the process of translation) by the host cell ribosomes.
A DNA copy of the viral genome has to be made before viral genes are expressed.
This virus must lack surface antigens.
Viruses are made up of the same biomolecules as cellular organisms (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, etc.), which are synthesized through enzymatic dehydration reactions from building blocks and disassembled by enzymatic hydrolysis. They infect cells and replicate themselves using resources from the host cells. Scientists discovered a previously unknown strain of virus in the tropical Pacific Ocean and it can infect higher-order eukaryotes. Initial analysis revealed that the virus is mainly composed of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Chemical analysis after complete hydrolysis revealed the following building blocks (by weight):
Chemical components
Nucleosides
Amino acids
Lipids, phosphates, and carbohydrates
Percentage by weight
20
30
50
Analysis of percentages of nucleosides yielded the following results (by molar ratio):
Nucleosides
A
G
T
C
U
Percentage by mole
19
29
19
29
4
Which of the following events mostly involves hydrolysis reaction after the virus infects…
Chapter 17 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-TEXT,AP ED.
Ch. 17.1 - Compare the structures of tobacco mosaic virus and...Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 17.2 - Compare the effect on the host cell of a ly1ic...Ch. 17.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The RNA virus in Figure 17.7 has...Ch. 17.2 - Why is HIV called a retrovirus?Ch. 17.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare the CRISPR system to the...Ch. 17.3 - Describe two ways in which a preexisting virus...Ch. 17.3 - Contrast horizontal and vertical transmission of...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 17 - which of me following characteristics. structures....
Ch. 17 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 17 - A human pandemic is A. a viral disease that...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 17 - RNA viruses require their own supply of certain...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 17 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 17 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 17 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION While viruses are considered...Ch. 17 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Oseltamivir (Tamiflu),...
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- Figure 1 above shows that remdesivir “mimics” an important component of RNA replication. Which component of RNA replication has a structure similar to that of remdesivir?arrow_forwardThe table below shows the properties of the genomes of three different viruses. The data were obtained as follows: Nuclease sensitivity was measured by the ability of deoxyribonuclease (DNase) or ribonuclease (RNase) to destroy the genome (a “+" means sensitivity). The ability of the genome to act as mRNA was tested by incubating it in a cell-free system. If amino acids were incorporated into protein, the data are shown as a Finally, the virus particles were tested for the presence of a virion polymerase. If an enzyme was present, the data show whether it could polymerize deoxynucleotide triphosphates (DNTPS) or nucleoside triphosphates (NTPS). "+. Genome Properties Nuclease Virion Can Genome Sensitivity? Polymerase? Be an mRNA? Virus DNase RNase With With DNTPS NTPS #1 - - #2 - - #3 For each virus, indicate the strategy of the genome, using the Baltimore classification. What is the nature of the product of the virion polymerase when present? + + + + + +arrow_forwardName a nucleoside analog. Explain how that nucleoside analog works. Which viruses are effectively treated by that nucleoside analog?arrow_forward
- Syn5 is a virus that infects photosynthetic bacteria belonging to the genus Synechococcus. The Syn5 virion is icosahedral (660 Å in diameter) with a short tail and an appendage called a horn. The horn is located on a vertex directly opposite the tail. Syn5 follows the typical five steps observed for most viruses when they multiply, and progeny viruses are released when the host lyses. The assembly of Syn5 virions involves several proteins, including capsid proteins, scaffolding proteins, a portal protein, a terminase, tail proteins, and horn proteins. To better understand the assembly of Syn5 virions, scientists used a type of microscopy called Zernike phase contrast electron cryotomography. This type of microscopy improves the contrast typically seen for conventional cryotomography. In their studies, the scientists observed several different developing virus particles in infected cells. The particles were: (1) 660 Å icosahedron containing DNA and having a tail; (2) 660 Å icosahedron…arrow_forwardIf you must create a drug or prescribe a healthy food or drink to target the Covid virus, what part of the virus will you target? Why? Show the functional groups that will interact with the specific part of Covid.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a known characteristic or procesds that can lead to genetic changes in some viruses? When two different viral strains of the same type of virus infect a single individual, reassortment/mixing of segmented genome pieces can occur, resulting in new combinations of segments. Genetic rearrangements of the viral genome occurs as a result of duplicate operons in the viral genome undergoing homologous recombination. Environmental conditions trigger the SOS response in viruses, and leads to generation of errors/mutations in the viral genome. Viral RNA polymerases display proofreading capability in replicating the viral genome of certain viruses.arrow_forward
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What Is A Virus ? ; Author: Peekaboo Kidz;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS7vsBgWszI;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY