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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The product of Perkin condensation has to be written
Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,
In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.
In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.
In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.
In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives
(b)
Interpretation: The compound formed after addition of water to the product of Perkin condensation has to be written.
Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,
In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.
In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.
In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.
In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.
(c)
Interpretation: The product of Knoevenagal condensation has to be written
Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,
In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.
In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.
In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.
In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.
(d)
Interpretation: A compound formed after product of Perkin condensation is heated in an acidic medium has to be written
Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,
In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.
In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.
In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.
In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
- The following 'H NMR spectrum was taken with a 750 MHz spectrometer: 1.0 0.5 0.0 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 ' 2.0 1.0 0.0 (ppm) What is the difference Av in the frequency of RF ac Δν ac radiation absorbed by the a and c protons? (Note: it's not equal to the difference in chemical shifts.) Round your answer to 2 significant digits, and be sure it has an appropriate unit symbol. = O O a will shift left, c will shift right. O a will shift right, c will shift left. a and c will both shift left, with more space between them. Suppose a new spectrum is taken with a 500 MHz spectrometer. What will be true about this new spectrum? O a and c will both shift left, with less space between them. O a and c will both shift right, with more space between them. O a and c will both shift right, with less space between them. Which protons have the largest energy gap between spin up and spin down states? O None of the above. ○ a Ob Explanation Check C Ar B 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved.…arrow_forwardWhat mass of Na2CO3 must you add to 125g of water to prepare 0.200 m Na2CO3? Calculate mole fraction of Na2CO3, mass percent, and molarity of the resulting solution. MM (g/mol): Na2CO3 105.99; water 18.02. Final solution density is 1.04 g/mL.arrow_forward(ME EX2) Prblms Can you please explain problems to me in detail, step by step? Thank you so much! If needed color code them for me.arrow_forward
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- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning
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