Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.
Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.
If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.
Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.
(b)
Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step
Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.
If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.
Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.
(c)
Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.
Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.
If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.
Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.
(d)
Interpretation: The given following compounds has to be prepared using an aldol addition in the first step.
Concept introduction: If two different carbonyl compound used in an aldol addition, known as a crossed-aldol reaction. If the two carbonyl compounds contain alpha carbon then four products are formed because two different enolate ion is formed.
If both carbonyl compounds have alpha hydrogens, primarily only one product is formed if LDA is used to remove the alpha hydrogen from carbonyl carbon that is needed for the enolate ion.
Because LDA is a strong base, all of the carbonyl carbon is converted to the enolate ion, so none of the carbonyl carbon is left behind to react with enolate ion. Therefore, the second carbonyl compound is added slowly.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
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- You are tasked with creating a calibration curve for the absorbance of cobalt solutions of various concentrations. You must prepare 5 standards with concentrations between 1.00 mg/L and 10.0 mg/L Co2+. You have a stock solution with a concentration of 40 mg/L Co2+ and all the standard lab glassware including transfer pipets and flasks. Explain how you would make your 5 standard solutions of various concentrations, including what glassware you would use to measure and prepare each solution.arrow_forwardPredict the product and write the mechanism. CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 + NBS- hv CCl4arrow_forwardHow exactly is carbon disulfide used in industry? Specifically, where does it come in during rubber or textile production and what is the chemical processes?arrow_forward
- A researcher has developed a new analytical method to determine the percent by mass iron in solids. To test the new method, the researcher purchases a standard reference material sample that is 2.85% iron by mass. Analysis of the iron standard with the new method returns values of 2.75%, 2.89%, 2.77%, 2.81%, and 2.87%. Does the new method produce a result that is significantly different from the standard value at the 95% confidence level?arrow_forwardCreate a drawing of an aceral with at least 2 isopropoxy groups, and a total of 11 carbon atomsarrow_forward4. Predict the major product(s) for each of the following reactions. HBr (1 equiv.) peroxide, A a. b. NBS, peroxide, Aarrow_forward
- In addition to the separation techniques used in this lab (magnetism, evaporation, and filtering), there are other commonly used separation techniques. Some of these techniques are:Distillation – this process is used to separate components that have significantly different boiling points. The solution is heated and the lower boiling point substance is vaporized first. The vapor can be collected and condensed and the component recovered as a pure liquid. If the temperature of the mixture is then raised, the next higher boiling component will come off and be collected. Eventually only non-volatile components will be left in the original solution.Centrifugation – a centrifuge will separate mixtures based on their mass. The mixture is placed in a centrifuge tube which is then spun at a high speed. Heavier components will settle at the bottom of the tube while lighter components will be at the top. This is the technique used to separate red blood cells from blood plasma.Sieving – this is…arrow_forwardBriefly describe a eutectic system.arrow_forward13.53 Draw all stereoisomers formed when each compound is treated with HBr in the presence of peroxides. a. b. C.arrow_forward
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning