
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The difference between an
Concept introduction:
According to Arrhenius theory, acids are the substances, which when added to water, release

Answer to Problem 63E
The difference between an acid and a base according to Arrhenius theory is that due to addition of an acid in water, the concentration of
Explanation of Solution
Electrolytes are the substances that release ions when dissolved in water. According to Arrhenius theory, those substances, which when added to water, increase the
According to Arrhenius theory, the concentration of
(b)
Interpretation:
The difference between a Brønsted acid and a Brønsted base is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
According to Brønsted-Lowry theory, acids are the substances, which when added to water, donate

Answer to Problem 63E
The difference between an acid and a base according to Brønsted-Lowry theory is that an acid is a substance from which an
Explanation of Solution
According to Brønsted-Lowry theory, the substances from which an
According to Brønsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a substance from which an
(c)
Interpretation:
The difference between a Lewis acid and a Lewis base is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
According to Lewis theory, acids are the substances that accept a pair of electrons and bases are the substances that donate a pair of electrons.

Answer to Problem 63E
The difference between an acid and a base according to Lewis theory is that an acid is a substance that is able to accept a pair of electrons and a base is a substance that is able to donate a pair of electrons.
Explanation of Solution
According to Lewis theory, the substances that are capable of accepting a pair of electrons from another compound are known as acids. The substances that are capable of donating a pair of electrons from another compound are known as bases.
According to Lewis theory, an acid is a substance that is able to accept a pair of electrons and a base is a substance that is able to donate a pair of electrons.
(d)
Interpretation:
The difference between a forward reaction and a reverse reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
When a reaction proceeds from left to right and vice versa, then the reaction is said to be reversible. A

Answer to Problem 63E
The reaction that proceeds from left to right direction is called the forward reaction and the reaction that proceeds from right to left direction is called the reverse reaction.
Explanation of Solution
A reaction, in which the reactants convert into products and vice versa, is said to be a reversible reaction. In a reversible reaction, the reaction which proceeds from left to right is called the forward reaction and the reaction which proceeds from right to left is called the reverse reaction.
On proceeding from left to right in a reversible reaction, the forward reaction takes place and on proceeding from right to left in a reversible reaction, the reverse reaction takes place.
(e)
Interpretation:
The difference between an acid-conjugate base pair and a base-conjugate acid pair is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Pair of acid and a base that differ by an

Answer to Problem 63E
The difference between an acid-conjugate base pair and a base-conjugate acid pair is that an acid-conjugate base pair is formed when an
Explanation of Solution
The formation of a conjugate acid-base pair takes place by the transfer of an
When an
(f)
Interpretation:
The difference between a strong acid and a weak acid is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Electrolytes are the substances that release ions when dissolved in water. The ease with which the dissociation of substances into ions takes place, determines the strength of that substance.

Answer to Problem 63E
The difference between a strong acid and a weak acid is that when a strong acid is added to water, complete dissociation takes place and when a weak acid is added to water, partial dissociation takes place.
Explanation of Solution
The substances that dissociate into positive and negative ions, when they are added to water, are known as electrolytes. If the substance undergoes complete dissociation into ions, then that substance is a strong electrolyte and if the substance is dissociated partially, then that substance is a weak electrolyte. An acid that is dissociated completely in a solution is a strong acid and the one that is dissociated partially in a solution is a weak acid.
A strong acid, when added to water, gets completely dissociated and a weak acid, when added to water, gets partially dissociated.
(g)
Interpretation:
The difference between a strong base and a weak base is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Electrolytes are the substances that release ions when dissolved in water. The ease with which the dissociation of substances into ions takes place, determines the strength of that substance.

Answer to Problem 63E
The difference between a strong base and a weak base is that when a strong base is added to water, complete dissociation takes place and when a weak base is added to water, partial dissociation takes place.
Explanation of Solution
The substances that dissociate into positive and negative ions, when they are added to water, are known as electrolytes. If the substance undergoes complete dissociation into ions, then that substance is a strong electrolyte and if the substance is dissociated partially, then that substance is a weak electrolyte. A base that is dissociated completely in a solution is a strong base and the one that is dissociated partially in a solution is a weak base.
A strong base, when added to water, gets completely dissociated and a weak base, when added to water, gets partially dissociated.
(h)
Interpretation:
The difference between
Concept introduction:
According to Arrhenius theory, acids are the substances, which when added to water, release

Answer to Problem 63E
The difference between
Explanation of Solution
Electrolytes are the substances that release ions when dissolved in water. According to Arrhenius theory, those substances, which when added to water, increase the
A
(i)
Interpretation:
The difference between pH and pOH is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The pH of a solution determines the strength of an acid and the pOH of a solution determines the strength of a base. The pH can be calculated by taking the negative logarithm of the concentration of

Answer to Problem 63E
The difference between pH and pOH is that pH is obtained by taking the negative logarithm of the concentration of
Explanation of Solution
The strength of an acid or a base can be determined by knowing the pH or pOH of a solution respectively. The value obtained by taking the negative logarithm of the
The value of pH is obtained by taking the negative logarithm of the concentration of
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach
- Draw the complete mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydration of this alkene. esc 田 Explanation Check 1 888 Q A slock Add/Remove step Q F4 F5 F6 A བྲA F7 $ % 5 @ 4 2 3 & 6 87 Click and drag to start drawing a structure. © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Ce W E R T Y U S D LL G H IK DD 요 F8 F9 F10 F1 * ( 8 9 0 O P J K L Z X C V B N M H He commandarrow_forwardExplanation Check F1 H₂O H₂ Pd 1) MCPBA 2) H3O+ 1) Hg(OAc)2, H₂O 2) NaBH4 OH CI OH OH OH hydration halohydrin formation addition halogenation hydrogenation inhalation hydrogenation hydration ☐ halohydrin formation addition halogenation formation chelation hydrogenation halohydrin formation substitution hydration halogenation addition Ohalohydrin formation subtraction halogenation addition hydrogenation hydration F2 80 F3 σ F4 F5 F6 1 ! 2 # 3 $ 4 % 05 Q W & Å © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. F7 F8 ( 6 7 8 9 LU E R T Y U A F9arrow_forwardShow the mechanism steps to obtain the lowerenergy intermediate: *see imagearrow_forward
- Soap is made by the previous reaction *see image. The main difference between one soap and another soap isthe length (number of carbons) of the carboxylic acid. However, if a soap irritates your skin, they mostlikely used too much lye.Detergents have the same chemical structure as soaps except for the functional group. Detergentshave sulfate (R-SO4H) and phosphate (R-PO4H2) functional groups. Draw the above carboxylic acidcarbon chain but as the two variants of detergents. *see imagearrow_forwardWhat are the reactions or reagents used? *see imagearrow_forwardWhat are the reactions or reagents used? *see imagearrow_forward
- Provide the mechanism for this transformation: *see imagearrow_forwardAssign all the signals individually (please assign the red, green and blue)arrow_forwardThe two pKa values of oxalic acid are 1.25 and 3.81. Why are they not the same value? Show the protontransfer as part of your explanation. *see imagearrow_forward
- Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage LearningLiving By Chemistry: First Edition TextbookChemistryISBN:9781559539418Author:Angelica StacyPublisher:MAC HIGHERWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning




