Chapter 17, Problem 1E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two of the classical properties of acids and bases are to be stated. The way on which classical property is related to the ion associated with an acid or base is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acid is a substance that contains hydrogen ion while the base is a substance that contains hydroxide ion. Acids dissociate into the water to give hydronium ion while base dissociates into the water to give hydroxide ion.

Answer to Problem 1E

The two classical property of acid is they react with metal and with a base. The two classical property of a base is they react with metal carbonate and with acid. The neutralization reaction of acid and base shows the relation between the classical properties with the ion associated.

Explanation of Solution

The classical properties of acid are listed below.

• The acid reacts with the metal to form hydrogen gas and salt.

• The acid reacts with a base to form salt and water.

The classical properties of the base are listed shown below.

• Base reacts with metal carbonate to form carbon dioxide and salt.

• Base reacts with an acid to form salt and water.

The reaction of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide results in the formation of sodium chloride and water. This reaction is known as neutralization reaction.

The corresponding reaction is shown below.

$\text{HCl}\left(\text{aq}\right)+\text{NaOH}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{NaCl}\left(\text{aq}\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

The total ionic equation is shown below.

${\text{H}}^{+}\left(\text{aq}\right)+{\text{Cl}}^{-}\left(\text{aq}\right)+{\text{Na}}^{+}\left(\text{aq}\right)+{\text{OH}}^{-}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to {\text{Na}}^{+}\left(\text{aq}\right)+{\text{Cl}}^{-}\left(\text{aq}\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

The spectator ions are those ions whose identity does not change after the reaction. Therefore, the spectator ions are ${\text{Na}}^{+}$, ${\text{Cl}}^{-}$, ${\text{H}}^{+}$ and ${\text{OH}}^{-}$.

The net ionic equation can be expressed by removing the spectator ions. Therefore, the net ionic equation is shown below.

${\text{H}}^{+}\left(\text{aq}\right)+{\text{OH}}^{-}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to {\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

Therefore, the neutralization reaction of acid and base is ${\text{H}}^{+}\left(\text{aq}\right)+{\text{OH}}^{-}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to {\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$.

Conclusion

Neutralization reaction involves the reaction of an acid with a base to form salt and water.