Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The chemical equations for the
Concept Introduction:
When electricity is passed through an ionic compound or through an electrolyte, a
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OWLv2 for Moore/Stanitski's Chemistry: The Molecular Science, 5th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months)
- Calcium metal can be obtained by the direct electrolysis of molten CaCl2, at a voltage of 3.2 V. (a) How many joules of electrical energy are required to obtain 12.0 1b of calcium? (b) What is the cost of the electrical energy obtained in (a) if electrical energy is sold at the rate of nine cents per kilowatt hour?arrow_forwardPhosphorous acid, H3PO3, is oxidized to phosphoric acid, H3PO4, by nitric acid, which is reduced to nitrogen monoxide, NO. Write the balanced equation for this reaction.arrow_forwardAluminum is produced commercially by the electrolysis of Al2O3 in the presence of a molten salt. If a plant has a continuous capacity of 1.00 million A, what mass of aluminum can be produced in 2.00 h?arrow_forward
- Follow the directions of Question 29 for the following compounds: (a) solid ammonium nitrate (b) liquid methyl alcohol (c) solid copper(II) sulfidearrow_forward(a) Write equations for the half-reactions that occur at the cathode and the anode when an aqueous solution of KCl is electrolyzed. Which chemical species is oxidized, and which chemical species is reduced in this reaction? (b) Predict the products formed when an aqueous solution of CsI is electrolyzed.arrow_forwardThe reaction of elemental phosphorus and excess oxygen produces P4O10. Name the compound. (a) phosphorus oxide (b) phosphoric acid (c) phosphorus decaoxide (d) tetraphosphorus decaoxidearrow_forward
- Comparing the chemistry of carbon and silicon. (a) Write balanced chemical equations for the reactions of H2O() with CH4 (forming CO2 and H2) and SiH4 (forming SiO2 and H2). (b) Using thermodynamic data, calculate the standard free energy change for the reactions in (a). Is either reaction product-favored at equilibrium? (c) Look up the electronegativities of carbon, silicon, and hydrogen. What conclusion can you draw concerning the polarity of CH and SiH bonds? (d) Carbon and silicon compounds with the formulas (CH3)2CO (acetone) and [(CH3)2SiO]n (a silicone polymer) also have quite different structures. Draw Lewis structures for these species. This difference, along with the difference between structures of CO2 and SiO2, suggests a general observation about silicon compounds. Based on that observation, do you expect that a silicon compound with a structure similar to ethene (C2H4) exists?arrow_forwardThree reactions very important to the semiconductor industry are The reduction of silicon dioxide to crude silicon, SiO2(s) + 2 C(s) → Si(s) + 2 CO(g) ΔrH° = 689.9 kJ/mol The formation of silicon tetrachloride from crude silicon, Si(s) + 2 Cl2(g) → SiCl4(g) ΔrH° = −657.01 kJ/mol The reduction of silicon tetrachloride to pure silicon with magnesium, SiCl4(g) + 2 Mg(s) → 2 MgCl2(s) + Si(s) ΔrH° = −625.6 kJ/mol Calculate the overall enthalpy change when 1.00 mol sand, SiO2, changes into very pure silicon by this series of reactions.arrow_forwardThe titanium chloride then reacts with liquid magnesium at 900°C to givetitanium and magnesium chloride (MgCl2). Write a balanced chemicalequation for this step in the refining of titanium.arrow_forward
- Great Lakes Chemical Company produces bromine, Br2, from bromide salts, such as NaBr, in Arkansas brine by treating the brine with chlorine gas. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of NaBr with Cl2. (Include states-of-matter under the given conditions in your answer. Use the lowest possible whole number coefficients.)arrow_forwardA major source of sodium metal is the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. What magnitude of current is required to produce 1.0 kg of sodium metal in one hour?arrow_forwardSulfur dioxide is a reducing agent. When it is bubbled through an aqueous solution containing Br2, a red-colored solution, it reduces the bromine to colorless bromide ions and forms sulfuric acid. Write a balanced equation for this reaction and identify the oxidizing and reducing agent.arrow_forward
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