Concept explainers
Introduction:
The immune system is a group of cells or tissues or organs that functions against the foreign substances to provide the immunity. The immunity is classified into two categories, innate and adaptive. The innate are non-specific defense mechanism, which acts immediately after the exposure of antigens or foreign substances on the body. The adaptive are antigen-specific immunity that adapts the immune system by formation of immune cells or memory cells for specific antigen.
Adaptive immunity acquires either to be active or passive, when a person is exposed to microorganism or foreign substances. The active and passive acquired immunity can be obtained by natural or artificial ways. Based on this, the adaptive immunity is categorized into four types.
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Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
- Correctly order the steps in cellular Immunity. Below is a sequence of events. Place them in the order they should occur, number 1 being the first item. Select the step number from the drop down next to each item. Items to order: a) .Cytotoxic T cell (CTL) recognizes the infected host cell b) The CTL secretes perforin and granzyme, causing apoptosis c) The CTL interacts with epitope presented by MHC-I on the dendritic cell d) The helper T cell activates the CTL cellarrow_forwardVaccines are used to train our adaptive immune system. With live-attenuated vaccines, a weakened form of the pathogen is injected. Describe the steps of an adaptive immune response to this type of vaccine (1 sentence per step). Explain how the immune system of a person who received the vaccine would respond to a later exposure to the pathogen (1-2 sentences).arrow_forwarda.) compare and contrast innate and adaptive immunity. b.) explain why cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity helps enhance the immune response. please be sure to answer the question in detailarrow_forward
- Distinguish between naturally acquired passive immunity and artificially acquired passive immunity. Give examples for each one.arrow_forwardMatch the types of immunity written on the table with the descriptions below. Write the number corresponding to the type. 1. Innate 3. Natural-active 5. Natural- passive 7. Antibody-mediated 2. Acquired Adaptive 4. Artificial-active 6. Artificial-passive 8. Cell-mediated 1. The body is producing antibodies as a result of bacterial infection. 2. An adaptive immune response involving T lymphocytes. 3. It occurs when we receive vaccines of attenuated antigens. 4. This immunity is highly specific to the pathogen; has a memory. 5. This involves the B lymphocytes that give rise to antibodies. 6. This is a generalized defense against all foreign invaders. 7. It happens when a person receives infusion of gamma globulins. 8. It is passed on from the mother onto a fetus through placenta.arrow_forwardDistinguish between naturally acquired active immunity and artificially acquired active immunity. Give examples for each one.arrow_forward
- Adaptive immunity can be divided into four distinct classifications, describe each: natural active immunity, natural passive immunity, artificial passive immunity, and artificial active immunity Describe the functions of each of the three classes of T cells.arrow_forwardDefine acquired immunity.arrow_forwardAcquired or adaptive immunity can be divided in to Natural Active, Natural Passive, Artificial Active, and Artificial Passive Immunity. Which types will lead to long lasting immune protection? Which will provide short term protection?arrow_forward