Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The given conditions in the synthesis of
Concept introduction:
Electrophiles are electron deficient species that have positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron rich species that have negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which an electron rich nucleophile attacks the positive or partial positive charge of an atom or a group of atoms to replace a leaving group.
The
The
An
The nucleophilic substitutions in which a nucleophile replaces a leaving group are known as
When the order of progression from the group of highest priority to that of the next highest priority is clockwise, it is said to be the
When the order of progression from the group of highest priority to that of the next highest priority is anticlockwise, then it is said to be the
A racemic mixture or racemic form is an equimolar mixture of two enantiomers. The racemic form causes no net rotation of plane-polarised light.
The
The product of the reaction is then treated with dimethyl sulfide, which results in the formation of
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 17 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Look up the structure of lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), a drug used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Redraw it and identify all the functional groups present. What is known about itstherapeutic properties?arrow_forwardProvide the correct structure from the IUPAC name. (a) 2-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (b) 3-mercapto-5-oxoheptanal (c) Propyl 2,2,4-trimethyloct-4-enoate (d) 4-oxocycloheptanecarbaldehyde (e) N,N,4,4-tetraethylhexanamide (f) Acetic pentanoic anhydride (g) Acetyl chloride (h) Methyl 3,3-diethyl-6-octynoatearrow_forwardThe most stable conformation of most aldopyranoses is one in which the largest group, the CH2OH group, is equatorial. However, alpha-D-idopyranose exists primarily in a conformation with an axial CH2OH group. Write formulas for the two chair conformations of a-D-idopyranose (one with the CH2OH group axial and one with the CH2OH group equatorial) and provide an explanationarrow_forward
- Give detailed answer with explanation please don't give Handwritten answerarrow_forwardβ-d-gulopyranose + hydrogen gas and a platinum catalyst.arrow_forwardIsoerythrogenic acid, C18H26O2, is a acetylic fatty acid that turns vivid vle on exposure to UV light. On Catalytic hydrogenation over a palladium catalyst, five molar equivalents of hydrogen are absorbed, and stearic acidarrow_forward
- Quinapril (trade name Accupril) is used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. One step in the synthesis of quinapril involves reaction of the racemic alkyl bromide A with a single enantiomer of the amino ester B. (a) What two products are formed in this reaction? (b) Given the structure of quinapril, which one of these two products is needed to synthesize the drug?arrow_forwardQuinapril (trade name Accupril) is used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. One step in the synthesis of quinapril involves reaction of the racemic alkyl bromide A with a single enantiomer of the amino ester B. (a) What two products are formed in this reaction? (b) Given the structure of quinapril, which one of these two products is needed to synthesize the drug?arrow_forwardQuinapril (trade name Accupril) is used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. One step in the synthesis of quinapril involves reaction of the racemic alkyl bromide A with a single enantiomer of the amino ester B. (a) What two products are formed in this reaction? (b) Given the structure of quinapril, which one of these two products is needed tosynthesize the drug?arrow_forward
- d-Glucuronic acid is found widely in plants and animals. One of its functions is to detoxify poisonous HO-containing compounds by reacting with them in the liver to form glucuronides. Glucuronides are water soluble and, therefore, readily excreted. After ingestion of a poison such as turpentine or phenol, the glucuronides of these compounds are found in urine. Draw the structure of the glucuronide formed by the reaction of beta-d-glucuronic acid and phenol.arrow_forwardCarbonic anhydrase facilitates the dissolution of carbon dioxide gas into water by catalyzing its hydration. Is the catalyzed reaction efficient? By what criterion do you state that?arrow_forwardPlease explain it. ASAParrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning