EP HUMAN BIOLOGY-MODIFIED MASTERING
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134326436
Author: Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON CO
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Chapter 17, Problem 2AWK
Summary Introduction
To review:
“Doublet code” coding for one amino acid would be sufficient or not.
Introduction:
RNA (ribonucleic acid) refers to a
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DNA molecules consist of chemically linked sequences of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, denoted A, G, C, and T. A sequence of three basesiscalleda codon. A base may appear more than once in a codon. a) How many different codons are there? b) The bases A and G are purines, while C and T are pyrimidines. How many codons are there whose first and third bases are purines and whose second base is a pyrimidine? c) How many codons consist of three different bases?
What is meant by the statement “The genetic code is universal”? What is the significance of this finding?
The sequence of a polypeptide is determined by the order of codons that specify
the amino acids in the polypeptide. How many different sequences of codons can
specify the polypeptide sequence methionine-histidine-lysine? (Use the table to
find the number of possibilities.)
SECOND BASE
UAU
UACFTyrosine (Tyr)
UAA -Stop codon
UAG -Stop codon
UUUL
UGU
Cysteine (Cys)
UCU
uc
UCA FSerine (Ser)
uca
Uuc
Phenylalanine (Phe)
UUAL Leucine (Leu)
CAU
CAC
CAA Glutamine (Gin)
CAGF
UGA -Stop codon
uaa -Tryptophan (Trp)
CGU
сос
CGA FArginine (Arg)
CU
CU
Histidine (His)
CuA FLeucine (Leu)
Cua)
Proline (Pro)
CCA
cca
AAU Asparagine (Asn)
AGU Serine (Ser)
AGC
AUU
ACU
ACC
Threonine (Thr)
AACF
AAA
AAGLysine (Lys)
AUC Fisoleucine (lle)
AUA
Methionine (Met)
AUG -
Start codon
ACA
ACG
AGA
AGGFArginine (Arg)
GU
GACAspartic acid (Asp)
GGA
GAA Glutamic acid (Glu) Gaa)
GcU
-Valine (Val)
G GUA
GCA FAlanine (Ala)
Glycine (Gly)
8.
1
4
THIRD BASE
2.
FIRST BASE
Chapter 17 Solutions
EP HUMAN BIOLOGY-MODIFIED MASTERING
Ch. 17 - How do you feel about the creation and then...Ch. 17 - How far should we go–to what lengths and at what...Ch. 17 - Describe how DNA is replicated before cell...Ch. 17 -
2. Compare and contrast the processes of...Ch. 17 - Explain what mutations are and the role of DNA...Ch. 17 - Name the four phases of mitosis and describe...Ch. 17 -
5. Explain why only one large egg is formed...Ch. 17 - Describe what is meant by selective gene...Ch. 17 - Explain how factors present in the environment can...Ch. 17 - Describe how ribosomes contribute to the formation...
Ch. 17 - Prob. 9CRCh. 17 - Prob. 10CRCh. 17 - What would be the outcome if a cell completed...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2TYCh. 17 - Prob. 3TYCh. 17 - Prob. 4TYCh. 17 - Which of the following are listed in order from...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6TYCh. 17 - Which is likely to be the shortest chain of...Ch. 17 - How many different amino acids could be encoded if...Ch. 17 - Prob. 9TYCh. 17 - Why do cells within an organism differentiate,...Ch. 17 - Which method of cloning is most similar to the way...Ch. 17 - Prob. 12TYCh. 17 - Prob. 13TYCh. 17 - Prob. 14TYCh. 17 -
15. How does the production of sperm differ from...Ch. 17 - Prob. 1AWKCh. 17 - Prob. 2AWKCh. 17 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 17 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 17 - Mitochondria contain their own DNA that is...Ch. 17 - Bacteria can reproduce by simple cell division....
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Codons in the set CUU, CUC, CUA, and CUG all code for the amino acid leucine. In this set, the first and second bases are identical; the identity of the third base is irrelevant. For what other sets of codons is the third base also irrelevant? For what amino acid(s) does each set code?arrow_forwardAn RNA molecule has the following percentages of bases: A = 27%, U = 38%, C=20%, G = 15%. (A) Is this RNA molecule single-stranded or double stranded? How can you tell? (B) What would be the percentage of each of the bases in the template strand of the DNA that contains the gene for this RNA?arrow_forwardAn RNA molecule has the following percentages of bases: A = 23%, U = 42%, C = 21%, and G = 14%. Q. What would be the percentages of bases in the template strand of the DNA that contains the gene for this RNA?arrow_forward
- The codons in the genetic code are sequences of three bases. Explain why sequences of only two bases could not be used to code for the 20 different amino acids commonly found in proteins.arrow_forwardThe genetic code uses three bases to encode one amino acid. Why can't the code use only two bases to encode each amino acid?arrow_forwardWhy can the genetic code be qualified as a “degenerate code”?arrow_forward
- Explain why indels that involve just one or two nucleotides have more severe consequences than indels that involve three contiguous nucleotides.arrow_forwardCystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by different types of mutations, many of which prevent ions from moving across cell membranes. Normally there are channel proteins that allow passage of the ions, but in patients with one kind of CF these proteins seem odd. Closer examination shows that these proteins display the correct amino acid sequence. However, they fail to do their job. A) Given that the primary structure of the protein is correct, what can you infer about the DNA sequence for the gene coding this protein on this patient, is there a mutation? Explain. B) Why is the primary structure insufficient to guarantee the proper function of the protein?arrow_forwardExplain how there are going to be 6 nucleotides needed?arrow_forward
- During planetary exploration a new life form is discovered which has a DNA genome containing 6 different bases rather than the familiar four. The life form contains proteins with 25 different amino acids. Codons on Earth comprise three nucleotides; assuming a non-overlapping genetic code that includes initiation and termination codons, how many nucleotides would you predict to constitute a codon in the new life form, assuming all codons to be the same length? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forwardIf the sequence of amino acids encoded by a strand of DNA is serine-alanine-lysine-leucine, what is the order of bases in the sense strand of DNA? Use the codon chart below to help you: second letter A G UAU Tyr UGU UUU UCU Phe Сys UUC UCC UAC UGC Ser UAA stop |UGA stop | A UAG stop UGG Trp UUA UCA UUG Leu G UCG CUU CCU CAU CGU His CUC ССС САС CGC Leu Pro Arg CUA ССА САА CGA Gln CUG CCG CAG CGG AUU ACU AAU AGU Asn Ser AUC le A AUA AAC AAA AGC AGA Arg АСС Thr ACA AUG Met | ACG AAG Lys AGG GUU GCU GAU GGU Asp GUC Val GUA GAC S GAA Glu GCC GGC Gly GGA Ala GCA GUG J GCG GAG GGG) O 3' AGACGTTTCAAT 5' O 3' UGUGCAAAGUUA 5' О 5 TGTGCTTТCТТА 3' first letter UCAG UCAG PCAG third letterarrow_forwardFor the m-RNA nucleotide codons given below, what is the corresponding sequence of amino acids? AUG UGU AUA UAU GUA AUC ACC UUC UAU GUA ACA UUU UGG AAC AGC UGC CAU GUA UAC CAG AAA CUU GCA GAG CUG GCU UUG AUA UGA The α-helices are known to contain primarily the amino acids methionine, alanine, leucine, glutamate, and lysine, while β-pleated sheets are known to primarily contain the amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, valine, and threonine. Which one of these two types of secondary protein structure is present with this amino acid sequence?arrow_forward
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