Concept explainers
Introduction:
A gene is a functional unit of the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which codes for one or more proteins. It is transcribed into mRNA (messenger RNA) through a process called transcription. This process requires an enzyme called RNA (ribonucleic acid) polymerase. This enzyme recognizes a sequence in the gene known as the promoter region. This signals it to begin transcription and it synthesizes mRNA from that gene. This mRNA is then translated into the protein that mRNA codes for using translation machinery that is ribosomes, tRNA (transfer RNA) molecules, and enzymes. The mRNA is held in place by the ribosome. Codons in the mRNA are recognized by tRNA molecules, which bring in the corresponding amino acids and peptide bonds are formed between these resulting in the production of a protein.
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EP HUMAN BIOLOGY-MODIFIED MASTERING
- Cancer cells can divide much longer than most other cells. One possible reason is the presence of telomerase in cancer cells. How might telomerase aid cancer cells? A. It proofreads the telomere sequences. B. It increases the length of the telomeres. C. It decreases the length of the telomeres. D. It stabilizes the bonds in the telomeres.arrow_forwardIf eukaryotes have monocistronic genes, why is the number of known proteins more than the number of known genes? A. Post-translational modification B. Alternative splicing C. Base substitution D. Post-transcriptional modificationarrow_forwardWhy can the transcriptome not be used to predict the proteome with complete accuracy? a. It cannot be sequenced like the genome can be. b. The transcriptome is too dynamic to be used to make predictions. c. Not all genes are transcribed. d. Many transcripts are alternatively spliced to produce different proteins.arrow_forward
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- Eukaryotes such as humans have linear chromosomes. In order to signal the end of DNA replication, there is a large repetitive sequence of DNA called a telomere. The telomere region of the DNA signals a process called a. detachment b. termination c. elongation d. transcriptionarrow_forwardWhat is the name of the process that adds a modified guanosine nucleotide to the 5’ phosphates of pre-mRNAs in eukaryotes? a. splicing b. polyadenylation c. capping d. nuclear export e. photophosphorylationarrow_forwardWhat will most likely happen when the -35 element and pribnow box are mutated? a. The sigma factor will not be able to bind to TBP. b. The rate of transcription will increase. c. RNA Polymerase II will not be able to bind to the promoter region. d.arrow_forward
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