Chapter 17, Problem 17.67SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in the product ratios with an increase in temperature is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Sulfonation of benzene derivatives is done to synthesise arylsulfonic acids. It is an electrophilic aromatic substitution. In such type of reactions, sulfur trioxide acts as the electrophile. A solution of $7\%$ ${\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}$ in sulfuric acid is known as “Fuming sulfuric acid”. Sulfonation is often reversible.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The consequence of heating product mixture from reaction at $\text{0}{}^{\text{ο}}\text{C}$ to $\text{100}{}^{\text{ο}}\text{C}$ is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sulfonation of benzene derivatives is done to synthesise arylsulfonic acids. It is an electrophilic aromatic substitution. In such type of reactions, sulfur trioxide acts as the electrophile. A solution of $7\%$ ${\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}$ in sulfuric acid is known as “Fuming sulfuric acid”. Sulfonation is often reversible.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The method of synthesis of $2,6$-dibromotoluene from toluene is to be stated using sulfonation and desulfonation as intermediate steps in the synthesis.

Concept introduction:

Sulfonation of benzene derivatives is done to synthesise arylsulfonic acids. It is an electrophilic aromatic substitution. In such type of reactions, sulfur trioxide acts as the electrophile. A solution of $7\%$ ${\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}$ in sulfuric acid is known as “Fuming sulfuric acid”. Sulfonation is often reversible.