Draw the structure corresponding to each name. a. 3-methyihexanoic acid b. 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid c. p-nitrobenzoic acid d. sodium hexanoate e. m -ethylbenzoic acid f. propyl decanoate

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P

Draw the structure corresponding to each name.
a. 3-methyihexanoic acid
b. 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid
c. p-nitrobenzoic acid
d. sodium hexanoate
e. m-ethylbenzoic acid
f. propyl decanoate

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of 3-methylhexanoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is 3-methylhexanoic acid where the parent chain is hexane that is 6 carbon atom chain having a methyl substituent at carbon-3. So, the structure of 3-methylhexanoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 2

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid where the parent chain is heptane that is 7 carbon atom chain having a hydroxy substituent at carbon-3 and a methyl substituent at carbon-4. So, the structure of 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 4

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of p-nitrobenzoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is p-nitrobenzoic acid where the parent chain is benzene having a nitro substituent at carbon-4. So, the structure of p-nitrobenzoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 6

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of sodium hexanoate should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H. When H of hydroxyl group present in carboxylic acid is replaced by an atom then it results in the formation of respective salt.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid salt according to the following steps:

The parent (longest) carbon chain is identified.
The name of metal is written first from which the salt is made up of.
The ending of the for a carboxylic acid group is changed to -oate for naming salt of carboxylic acid.
The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.
Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is sodium hexanoate where the parent chain is hexane having 6 carbon atoms and metal is sodium. So, the structure of sodium hexanoate is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structure of m-ethylbenzoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 9

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is m-ethylbenzoic acid where the parent chain is benzene having an ethyl substituent at carbon-3. So, the structure of m-ethylbenzoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 10

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of propyl decanoate should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 11

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H. When -H of the carboxylic acid is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group (-R') then it results in the formation of an ester having general formula RCOOR'.

The reaction which results in the formation of at least one ester along with water on heating acids with alcohols is said to be esterification.

So, in order to give the IUPAC name to the esters, the following steps are followed:

The alkyl substituent from the alcohol is named first.
The name of the parent chain from carboxylic acid part is replaced as carboxylate.

In order to write the common name of the esters, the common of acids are written from which the ester has been formed.

The given name is propyl decanoate where propyl name is derived from propanol and decanoate is derived from the name decanoic acid. So, the structure of propyl decanoate is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 12

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P

Draw the structure corresponding to each name.
a. 3-methyihexanoic acid
b. 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid
c. p-nitrobenzoic acid
d. sodium hexanoate
e. m-ethylbenzoic acid
f. propyl decanoate

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of 3-methylhexanoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is 3-methylhexanoic acid where the parent chain is hexane that is 6 carbon atom chain having a methyl substituent at carbon-3. So, the structure of 3-methylhexanoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 2

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid where the parent chain is heptane that is 7 carbon atom chain having a hydroxy substituent at carbon-3 and a methyl substituent at carbon-4. So, the structure of 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 4

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of p-nitrobenzoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is p-nitrobenzoic acid where the parent chain is benzene having a nitro substituent at carbon-4. So, the structure of p-nitrobenzoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 6

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of sodium hexanoate should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H. When H of hydroxyl group present in carboxylic acid is replaced by an atom then it results in the formation of respective salt.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid salt according to the following steps:

The parent (longest) carbon chain is identified.
The name of metal is written first from which the salt is made up of.
The ending of the for a carboxylic acid group is changed to -oate for naming salt of carboxylic acid.
The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.
Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is sodium hexanoate where the parent chain is hexane having 6 carbon atoms and metal is sodium. So, the structure of sodium hexanoate is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structure of m-ethylbenzoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 9

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is m-ethylbenzoic acid where the parent chain is benzene having an ethyl substituent at carbon-3. So, the structure of m-ethylbenzoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 10

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of propyl decanoate should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 11

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H. When -H of the carboxylic acid is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group (-R') then it results in the formation of an ester having general formula RCOOR'.

The reaction which results in the formation of at least one ester along with water on heating acids with alcohols is said to be esterification.

So, in order to give the IUPAC name to the esters, the following steps are followed:

The alkyl substituent from the alcohol is named first.
The name of the parent chain from carboxylic acid part is replaced as carboxylate.

In order to write the common name of the esters, the common of acids are written from which the ester has been formed.

The given name is propyl decanoate where propyl name is derived from propanol and decanoate is derived from the name decanoic acid. So, the structure of propyl decanoate is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 12

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P

Draw the structure corresponding to each name.
a. 3-methyihexanoic acid
b. 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid
c. p-nitrobenzoic acid
d. sodium hexanoate
e. m-ethylbenzoic acid
f. propyl decanoate

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of 3-methylhexanoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is 3-methylhexanoic acid where the parent chain is hexane that is 6 carbon atom chain having a methyl substituent at carbon-3. So, the structure of 3-methylhexanoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 2

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid where the parent chain is heptane that is 7 carbon atom chain having a hydroxy substituent at carbon-3 and a methyl substituent at carbon-4. So, the structure of 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 4

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of p-nitrobenzoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is p-nitrobenzoic acid where the parent chain is benzene having a nitro substituent at carbon-4. So, the structure of p-nitrobenzoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 6

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of sodium hexanoate should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H. When H of hydroxyl group present in carboxylic acid is replaced by an atom then it results in the formation of respective salt.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid salt according to the following steps:

The parent (longest) carbon chain is identified.
The name of metal is written first from which the salt is made up of.
The ending of the for a carboxylic acid group is changed to -oate for naming salt of carboxylic acid.
The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.
Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is sodium hexanoate where the parent chain is hexane having 6 carbon atoms and metal is sodium. So, the structure of sodium hexanoate is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structure of m-ethylbenzoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 9

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is m-ethylbenzoic acid where the parent chain is benzene having an ethyl substituent at carbon-3. So, the structure of m-ethylbenzoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 10

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of propyl decanoate should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 11

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H. When -H of the carboxylic acid is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group (-R') then it results in the formation of an ester having general formula RCOOR'.

The reaction which results in the formation of at least one ester along with water on heating acids with alcohols is said to be esterification.

So, in order to give the IUPAC name to the esters, the following steps are followed:

The alkyl substituent from the alcohol is named first.
The name of the parent chain from carboxylic acid part is replaced as carboxylate.

In order to write the common name of the esters, the common of acids are written from which the ester has been formed.

The given name is propyl decanoate where propyl name is derived from propanol and decanoate is derived from the name decanoic acid. So, the structure of propyl decanoate is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 12

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P

Draw the structure corresponding to each name.
a. 3-methyihexanoic acid
b. 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid
c. p-nitrobenzoic acid
d. sodium hexanoate
e. m-ethylbenzoic acid
f. propyl decanoate

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of 3-methylhexanoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is 3-methylhexanoic acid where the parent chain is hexane that is 6 carbon atom chain having a methyl substituent at carbon-3. So, the structure of 3-methylhexanoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 2

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid where the parent chain is heptane that is 7 carbon atom chain having a hydroxy substituent at carbon-3 and a methyl substituent at carbon-4. So, the structure of 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 4

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of p-nitrobenzoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is p-nitrobenzoic acid where the parent chain is benzene having a nitro substituent at carbon-4. So, the structure of p-nitrobenzoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 6

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of sodium hexanoate should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H. When H of hydroxyl group present in carboxylic acid is replaced by an atom then it results in the formation of respective salt.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid salt according to the following steps:

The parent (longest) carbon chain is identified.
The name of metal is written first from which the salt is made up of.
The ending of the for a carboxylic acid group is changed to -oate for naming salt of carboxylic acid.
The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.
Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is sodium hexanoate where the parent chain is hexane having 6 carbon atoms and metal is sodium. So, the structure of sodium hexanoate is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structure of m-ethylbenzoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 9

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is m-ethylbenzoic acid where the parent chain is benzene having an ethyl substituent at carbon-3. So, the structure of m-ethylbenzoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 10

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of propyl decanoate should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 11

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H. When -H of the carboxylic acid is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group (-R') then it results in the formation of an ester having general formula RCOOR'.

The reaction which results in the formation of at least one ester along with water on heating acids with alcohols is said to be esterification.

So, in order to give the IUPAC name to the esters, the following steps are followed:

The alkyl substituent from the alcohol is named first.
The name of the parent chain from carboxylic acid part is replaced as carboxylate.

In order to write the common name of the esters, the common of acids are written from which the ester has been formed.

The given name is propyl decanoate where propyl name is derived from propanol and decanoate is derived from the name decanoic acid. So, the structure of propyl decanoate is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 12

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of 3-methylhexanoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is 3-methylhexanoic acid where the parent chain is hexane that is 6 carbon atom chain having a methyl substituent at carbon-3. So, the structure of 3-methylhexanoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 2

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid where the parent chain is heptane that is 7 carbon atom chain having a hydroxy substituent at carbon-3 and a methyl substituent at carbon-4. So, the structure of 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 4

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of p-nitrobenzoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is p-nitrobenzoic acid where the parent chain is benzene having a nitro substituent at carbon-4. So, the structure of p-nitrobenzoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 6

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of sodium hexanoate should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H. When H of hydroxyl group present in carboxylic acid is replaced by an atom then it results in the formation of respective salt.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid salt according to the following steps:

The parent (longest) carbon chain is identified.
The name of metal is written first from which the salt is made up of.
The ending of the for a carboxylic acid group is changed to -oate for naming salt of carboxylic acid.
The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.
Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is sodium hexanoate where the parent chain is hexane having 6 carbon atoms and metal is sodium. So, the structure of sodium hexanoate is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structure of m-ethylbenzoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 9

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is m-ethylbenzoic acid where the parent chain is benzene having an ethyl substituent at carbon-3. So, the structure of m-ethylbenzoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 10

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of propyl decanoate should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 11

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H. When -H of the carboxylic acid is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group (-R') then it results in the formation of an ester having general formula RCOOR'.

The reaction which results in the formation of at least one ester along with water on heating acids with alcohols is said to be esterification.

So, in order to give the IUPAC name to the esters, the following steps are followed:

The alkyl substituent from the alcohol is named first.
The name of the parent chain from carboxylic acid part is replaced as carboxylate.

In order to write the common name of the esters, the common of acids are written from which the ester has been formed.

The given name is propyl decanoate where propyl name is derived from propanol and decanoate is derived from the name decanoic acid. So, the structure of propyl decanoate is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 12

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of 3-methylhexanoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is 3-methylhexanoic acid where the parent chain is hexane that is 6 carbon atom chain having a methyl substituent at carbon-3. So, the structure of 3-methylhexanoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 2

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of 3-methylhexanoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer 13

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 1

Answer 14

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is 3-methylhexanoic acid where the parent chain is hexane that is 6 carbon atom chain having a methyl substituent at carbon-3. So, the structure of 3-methylhexanoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 2

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid where the parent chain is heptane that is 7 carbon atom chain having a hydroxy substituent at carbon-3 and a methyl substituent at carbon-4. So, the structure of 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 4

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer 20

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 3

Answer 21

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid where the parent chain is heptane that is 7 carbon atom chain having a hydroxy substituent at carbon-3 and a methyl substituent at carbon-4. So, the structure of 3-hydroxy-4-methylheptanoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 4

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of p-nitrobenzoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is p-nitrobenzoic acid where the parent chain is benzene having a nitro substituent at carbon-4. So, the structure of p-nitrobenzoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 6

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of p-nitrobenzoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer 27

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 5

Answer 28

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is p-nitrobenzoic acid where the parent chain is benzene having a nitro substituent at carbon-4. So, the structure of p-nitrobenzoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 6

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of sodium hexanoate should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H. When H of hydroxyl group present in carboxylic acid is replaced by an atom then it results in the formation of respective salt.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid salt according to the following steps:

The parent (longest) carbon chain is identified.
The name of metal is written first from which the salt is made up of.
The ending of the for a carboxylic acid group is changed to -oate for naming salt of carboxylic acid.
The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.
Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is sodium hexanoate where the parent chain is hexane having 6 carbon atoms and metal is sodium. So, the structure of sodium hexanoate is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 8

Answer 30

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of sodium hexanoate should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer 34

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 7

Answer 35

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H. When H of hydroxyl group present in carboxylic acid is replaced by an atom then it results in the formation of respective salt.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid salt according to the following steps:

The parent (longest) carbon chain is identified.
The name of metal is written first from which the salt is made up of.
The ending of the for a carboxylic acid group is changed to -oate for naming salt of carboxylic acid.
The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.
Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is sodium hexanoate where the parent chain is hexane having 6 carbon atoms and metal is sodium. So, the structure of sodium hexanoate is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 8

Answer 36

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structure of m-ethylbenzoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 9

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is m-ethylbenzoic acid where the parent chain is benzene having an ethyl substituent at carbon-3. So, the structure of m-ethylbenzoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 10

Answer 37

Expert Solution

Answer 38

Expert Solution

Answer 39

Expert Solution

Answer 40

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structure of m-ethylbenzoic acid should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer 41

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 9

Answer 42

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H.

The IUPAC names are given to the carboxylic acid according to the following steps:

1. The parent (longest) alkane chain is identified.

2. The ending of the parent chain from alkane (-e) is changed to -oic acid for a carboxylic acid group.

3. The numbering is of the chain is done in such a way that carbonyl carbon gets the smaller number.

4. Name should be written in alphabetical order and other substituents are shown by the number.

For number of carbons atoms chain, the prefix is given as:

Carbon-1 meth

Carbon-2 eth

Carbon-3 prop

Carbon-4 but

Carbon-5 pent

Carbon-6 hex

Carbon-7 hept

Carbon-8 oct

Carbon-9 non

Carbon-10 dec

The given name is m-ethylbenzoic acid where the parent chain is benzene having an ethyl substituent at carbon-3. So, the structure of m-ethylbenzoic acid is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 10

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of propyl decanoate should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 11

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H. When -H of the carboxylic acid is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group (-R') then it results in the formation of an ester having general formula RCOOR'.

The reaction which results in the formation of at least one ester along with water on heating acids with alcohols is said to be esterification.

So, in order to give the IUPAC name to the esters, the following steps are followed:

The alkyl substituent from the alcohol is named first.
The name of the parent chain from carboxylic acid part is replaced as carboxylate.

In order to write the common name of the esters, the common of acids are written from which the ester has been formed.

The given name is propyl decanoate where propyl name is derived from propanol and decanoate is derived from the name decanoic acid. So, the structure of propyl decanoate is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 12

Answer 44

Expert Solution

Answer 45

Expert Solution

Answer 46

Expert Solution

Answer 47

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of propyl decanoate should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

The structure of organic compound is drawn in order to represent the arrangement of atoms in which they are present in a molecule.

Answer 48

Answer to Problem 17.54P

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 11

Answer 49

Explanation of Solution

An organic compound in which carboxy functional group that is -COOH is bonded to the carbon atom is said to be a carboxylic acid. The general formula for carboxylic acid is RCOOH or RCO₂H. When -H of the carboxylic acid is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group (-R') then it results in the formation of an ester having general formula RCOOR'.

The reaction which results in the formation of at least one ester along with water on heating acids with alcohols is said to be esterification.

So, in order to give the IUPAC name to the esters, the following steps are followed:

The alkyl substituent from the alcohol is named first.
The name of the parent chain from carboxylic acid part is replaced as carboxylate.

In order to write the common name of the esters, the common of acids are written from which the ester has been formed.

The given name is propyl decanoate where propyl name is derived from propanol and decanoate is derived from the name decanoic acid. So, the structure of propyl decanoate is:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM, Chapter 17, Problem 17.54P , additional homework tip 12