
a)

Interpretation:
A structure for methyl orange, an azo dye, produced when the two reactants shown react is to be drawn and the electron pushing mechanism for its formation is to be shown.
Concept introduction:
The diazonium cation can act as an electrophile and can attack
To draw:
The structure of methyl orange, an azo dye, produced when the two reactants shown react and to show the electron pushing mechanism for its formation.
b)

Interpretation:
A structure for allura red, an azo dye, produced when the two reactants shown react is to be drawn and the electron pushing mechanism for its formation is to be shown.
Concept introduction:
The diazonium cation can act as an electrophile and attack the aromatic rings. The dimethylamino group is an o- and p- directing group. Hence the diazonium cation can attack the ring at the p-position to yield a carbocation intermediate. The intermediate then can lose a proton to yield the desired product. This reaction is known as coupling reaction.
To draw:
The structure of allura red, an azo dye, produced when the two reactants shown react and to give the electron pushing mechanism for its formation.
c)

Interpretation:
A structure for lithol rubine BX, an azo dye, produced when the two reactants shown react is to be drawn and the electron pushing mechanism for its formation is to be shown.
Concept introduction:
The diazonium cation can act as an electrophile and attack the aromatic rings. The dimethylamino group is an o- and p- directing group. Hence the diazonium cation can attack the ring at the p-position to yield a carbocation intermediate. The intermediate then can lose a proton to yield the desired product. This reaction is known as coupling reaction.
To draw:
The structure of lithol rubine BX, an azo dye, produced when the two reactants shown react and to show the electron pushing mechanism for its formation.

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Chapter 16 Solutions
OWLv2 with Student Solutions Manual eBook, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card for McMurry's Organic Chemistry, 9th
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- 2. Predict the product(s) that forms and explain why it forms. Assume that any necessary catalytic acid is present. .OH HO H₂N OHarrow_forwardconsider the rate of the reaction below to be r. Whats the rate after each reaction? Br + NaCN CN + NaBr a. Double the concentration of alkyl bromide b. Halve the concentration of the electrophile & triple concentration of cyanide c. Halve the concentration of alkyl chloridearrow_forwardPredict the organic reactant that is involved in the reaction below, and draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic reactant. Please include all steps & drawings & explanations.arrow_forward
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