Chapter 16.4, Problem 6AYLO

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

The tympanic membrane structure and its cavity; the names, structures, and anatomical arrangement of auditory ossicles; two types of middle ear muscles; auditory tube anatomy and its hearing contribution; and middle ear infections.

Introduction:

Hearing is a sound response that comes from the vibration of air molecules, while the equilibrium comes from the movement, orientation, and balance of the body. These two senses come from the inner ear containing the sensory cells. The ear is a hearing organ that enables the movement and body equilibrium with the help of the sensory nerve cells. It consists of three layers namely outer, middle, and inner layers.