
Concept explainers
a)
Interpretation:
The structure of phenyl acetate has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of
b)
Interpretation:
The structure of
Concept Introduction:
Nomenclature of Lactam: Cyclic amides are called lactam. In systematic name, ‘2-azacycloalkanones’ (‘aza’- indicates the nitrogen atom). For, common name, the length of the carbon chain is indicated by the common name of the carboxylic acid, and a Greek letter specifies the carbon to which the nitrogen is attached. 6-membered ring lactams are
c)
Interpretation:
The structure of N-benzylethanamide has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Nomenclature of Amides: Amides are named by replacing ‘oic acid’, ‘ic’ acid, or ‘ylic’ acid of the acid name with ‘amide’. If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent is stated first (if more, stated in alphabetical order) followed by the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen.
d)
Interpretation:
The structure of
Concept Introduction:
Nomenclature of carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal ‘e’ of the
Carboxylic acids in which a carboxyl group is attached to a ring are named by adding ‘carboxylic acid’ to the name of the cyclic compound.
e)
Interpretation:
The structure of ethyl 2-chloropentanoate has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of carboxylic acid) is named by replacing the terminal ‘oic acid’ of the name with ‘oate’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.
f)
Interpretation:
The structure of
Concept Introduction:
Nomenclature of Amides: Amides are named by replacing ‘oic acid’, ‘ic’ acid, or ‘ylic’ acid of the acid name with ‘amide’. If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent is stated first (if more, stated in alphabetical order) followed by the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by a N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen.
g)
Interpretation:
The structure of cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Nomenclature of Acyl chlorides: Acyl chlorides are named by replacing ‘ic acid’ of the acid name with ‘yl chloride’. For cyclic acids, that end with ‘carboxylic acid’ is replaced with ‘carbonyl chloride’.
h)
Interpretation:
The structure of
Concept Introduction:
Nomenclature of carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal ‘e’ of the alkane or alkene name with ‘oic acid’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.
Carboxylic acids in which a carboxyl group is attached to a ring are named by adding ‘carboxylic acid’ to the name of the cyclic compound.

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Chapter 16 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
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- theres 2 productsarrow_forwardDraw the major product of this solvolysis reaction. Ignore any inorganic byproducts. + CH3CH2OH Drawing Q Atoms, Bonds and Rings OCH2CH3 || OEt Charges OH 00-> | Undo Reset | Br Remove Done Drag To Pan +arrow_forwardDraw the major product of this SN1 reaction. Ignore any inorganic byproducts. CH3CO2Na CH3CO2H Drawing + Br Q Atoms, Bonds and Rings OAC Charges OH ОАс Na ဂ Br Undo Reset Remove Done Drag To Pan +arrow_forward
- Organic Functional Groups entifying positions labeled with Greek letters in acids and derivatives 1/5 ssible, replace an H atom on the a carbon of the molecule in the drawing area with a ce an H atom on the ẞ carbon with a hydroxyl group substituent. ne of the substituents can't be added for any reason, just don't add it. If neither substi er the drawing area. O H OH Oneither substituent can be added. Check D 1 Accessibility ado na witharrow_forwardDifferentiate between electrophilic and nucleophilic groups. Give examples.arrow_forwardAn aldehyde/ketone plus an alcohol gives a hemiacetal, and an excess of alcohol gives an acetal. The reaction is an equilibrium; in aldehydes, it's shifted to the right and in ketones, to the left. Explain.arrow_forward
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