The structure of phenyl acetate has to be drawn. Concept Introduction: Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of carboxylic acid ) is named by replacing the terminal ‘oic acid’ of the name with ‘oate’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 16.1, Problem 4P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of phenyl acetate has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of carboxylic acid) is named by replacing the terminal ‘oic acid’ of the name with ‘oate’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of γ− caprolactam has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Lactam: Cyclic amides are called lactam. In systematic name, ‘2-azacycloalkanones’ (‘aza’- indicates the nitrogen atom). For, common name, the length of the carbon chain is indicated by the common name of the carboxylic acid, and a Greek letter specifies the carbon to which the nitrogen is attached. 6-membered ring lactams are δ− lactams (the carbonyl Nitrogen is on δ− carbon, 5-membered ring lactams are γ− lactams, and 4-membered ring lactams are β− lactams.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of N-benzylethanamide has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Amides: Amides are named by replacing ‘oic acid’, ‘ic’ acid, or ‘ylic’ acid of the acid name with ‘amide’. If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent is stated first (if more, stated in alphabetical order) followed by the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen.

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of γ- methylcaproic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal ‘e’ of the alkane or alkene name with ‘oic acid’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Carboxylic acids in which a carboxyl group is attached to a ring are named by adding ‘carboxylic acid’ to the name of the cyclic compound.

e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of ethyl 2-chloropentanoate has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of carboxylic acid) is named by replacing the terminal ‘oic acid’ of the name with ‘oate’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of β- bromobutyramide has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Amides: Amides are named by replacing ‘oic acid’, ‘ic’ acid, or ‘ylic’ acid of the acid name with ‘amide’. If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent is stated first (if more, stated in alphabetical order) followed by the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by a N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen.

g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Acyl chlorides: Acyl chlorides are named by replacing ‘ic acid’ of the acid name with ‘yl chloride’. For cyclic acids, that end with ‘carboxylic acid’ is replaced with ‘carbonyl chloride’.

h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of α− chlorovaleric acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal ‘e’ of the alkane or alkene name with ‘oic acid’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Carboxylic acids in which a carboxyl group is attached to a ring are named by adding ‘carboxylic acid’ to the name of the cyclic compound.

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The emission data in cps displayed in Table 1 is reported to two decimal places by the chemist. However, the instrument output is shown in Table 2. Table 2. Iron emission from ICP-AES Sample Blank Standard Emission, cps 579.503252562 9308340.13122 Unknown Sample 343.232365741 Did the chemist make the correct choice in how they choose to display the data up in Table 1? Choose the best explanation from the choices below. No. Since the instrument calculates 12 digits for all values, they should all be kept and not truncated. Doing so would eliminate significant information. No. Since the instrument calculates 5 decimal places for the standard, all of the values should be limited to the same number. The other decimal places are not significant for the blank and unknown sample. Yes. The way Saman made the standards was limited by the 250-mL volumetric flask. This glassware can report values to 2 decimal places, and this establishes our number of significant figures. Yes. Instrumental data…

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 16.1, Problem 4P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of phenyl acetate has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of carboxylic acid) is named by replacing the terminal ‘oic acid’ of the name with ‘oate’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of γ− caprolactam has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Lactam: Cyclic amides are called lactam. In systematic name, ‘2-azacycloalkanones’ (‘aza’- indicates the nitrogen atom). For, common name, the length of the carbon chain is indicated by the common name of the carboxylic acid, and a Greek letter specifies the carbon to which the nitrogen is attached. 6-membered ring lactams are δ− lactams (the carbonyl Nitrogen is on δ− carbon, 5-membered ring lactams are γ− lactams, and 4-membered ring lactams are β− lactams.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of N-benzylethanamide has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Amides: Amides are named by replacing ‘oic acid’, ‘ic’ acid, or ‘ylic’ acid of the acid name with ‘amide’. If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent is stated first (if more, stated in alphabetical order) followed by the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen.

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of γ- methylcaproic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal ‘e’ of the alkane or alkene name with ‘oic acid’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Carboxylic acids in which a carboxyl group is attached to a ring are named by adding ‘carboxylic acid’ to the name of the cyclic compound.

e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of ethyl 2-chloropentanoate has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of carboxylic acid) is named by replacing the terminal ‘oic acid’ of the name with ‘oate’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of β- bromobutyramide has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Amides: Amides are named by replacing ‘oic acid’, ‘ic’ acid, or ‘ylic’ acid of the acid name with ‘amide’. If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent is stated first (if more, stated in alphabetical order) followed by the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by a N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen.

g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Acyl chlorides: Acyl chlorides are named by replacing ‘ic acid’ of the acid name with ‘yl chloride’. For cyclic acids, that end with ‘carboxylic acid’ is replaced with ‘carbonyl chloride’.

h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of α− chlorovaleric acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal ‘e’ of the alkane or alkene name with ‘oic acid’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Carboxylic acids in which a carboxyl group is attached to a ring are named by adding ‘carboxylic acid’ to the name of the cyclic compound.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 16.1, Problem 4P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of phenyl acetate has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of carboxylic acid) is named by replacing the terminal ‘oic acid’ of the name with ‘oate’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of γ− caprolactam has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Lactam: Cyclic amides are called lactam. In systematic name, ‘2-azacycloalkanones’ (‘aza’- indicates the nitrogen atom). For, common name, the length of the carbon chain is indicated by the common name of the carboxylic acid, and a Greek letter specifies the carbon to which the nitrogen is attached. 6-membered ring lactams are δ− lactams (the carbonyl Nitrogen is on δ− carbon, 5-membered ring lactams are γ− lactams, and 4-membered ring lactams are β− lactams.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of N-benzylethanamide has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Amides: Amides are named by replacing ‘oic acid’, ‘ic’ acid, or ‘ylic’ acid of the acid name with ‘amide’. If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent is stated first (if more, stated in alphabetical order) followed by the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen.

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of γ- methylcaproic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal ‘e’ of the alkane or alkene name with ‘oic acid’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Carboxylic acids in which a carboxyl group is attached to a ring are named by adding ‘carboxylic acid’ to the name of the cyclic compound.

e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of ethyl 2-chloropentanoate has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of carboxylic acid) is named by replacing the terminal ‘oic acid’ of the name with ‘oate’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of β- bromobutyramide has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Amides: Amides are named by replacing ‘oic acid’, ‘ic’ acid, or ‘ylic’ acid of the acid name with ‘amide’. If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent is stated first (if more, stated in alphabetical order) followed by the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by a N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen.

g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Acyl chlorides: Acyl chlorides are named by replacing ‘ic acid’ of the acid name with ‘yl chloride’. For cyclic acids, that end with ‘carboxylic acid’ is replaced with ‘carbonyl chloride’.

h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of α− chlorovaleric acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal ‘e’ of the alkane or alkene name with ‘oic acid’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Carboxylic acids in which a carboxyl group is attached to a ring are named by adding ‘carboxylic acid’ to the name of the cyclic compound.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 16.1, Problem 4P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of phenyl acetate has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of carboxylic acid) is named by replacing the terminal ‘oic acid’ of the name with ‘oate’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of γ− caprolactam has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Lactam: Cyclic amides are called lactam. In systematic name, ‘2-azacycloalkanones’ (‘aza’- indicates the nitrogen atom). For, common name, the length of the carbon chain is indicated by the common name of the carboxylic acid, and a Greek letter specifies the carbon to which the nitrogen is attached. 6-membered ring lactams are δ− lactams (the carbonyl Nitrogen is on δ− carbon, 5-membered ring lactams are γ− lactams, and 4-membered ring lactams are β− lactams.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of N-benzylethanamide has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Amides: Amides are named by replacing ‘oic acid’, ‘ic’ acid, or ‘ylic’ acid of the acid name with ‘amide’. If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent is stated first (if more, stated in alphabetical order) followed by the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen.

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of γ- methylcaproic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal ‘e’ of the alkane or alkene name with ‘oic acid’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Carboxylic acids in which a carboxyl group is attached to a ring are named by adding ‘carboxylic acid’ to the name of the cyclic compound.

e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of ethyl 2-chloropentanoate has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of carboxylic acid) is named by replacing the terminal ‘oic acid’ of the name with ‘oate’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of β- bromobutyramide has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Amides: Amides are named by replacing ‘oic acid’, ‘ic’ acid, or ‘ylic’ acid of the acid name with ‘amide’. If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent is stated first (if more, stated in alphabetical order) followed by the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by a N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen.

g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Acyl chlorides: Acyl chlorides are named by replacing ‘ic acid’ of the acid name with ‘yl chloride’. For cyclic acids, that end with ‘carboxylic acid’ is replaced with ‘carbonyl chloride’.

h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of α− chlorovaleric acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal ‘e’ of the alkane or alkene name with ‘oic acid’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Carboxylic acids in which a carboxyl group is attached to a ring are named by adding ‘carboxylic acid’ to the name of the cyclic compound.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16.1, Problem 4P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of phenyl acetate has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of carboxylic acid) is named by replacing the terminal ‘oic acid’ of the name with ‘oate’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of γ− caprolactam has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Lactam: Cyclic amides are called lactam. In systematic name, ‘2-azacycloalkanones’ (‘aza’- indicates the nitrogen atom). For, common name, the length of the carbon chain is indicated by the common name of the carboxylic acid, and a Greek letter specifies the carbon to which the nitrogen is attached. 6-membered ring lactams are δ− lactams (the carbonyl Nitrogen is on δ− carbon, 5-membered ring lactams are γ− lactams, and 4-membered ring lactams are β− lactams.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of N-benzylethanamide has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Amides: Amides are named by replacing ‘oic acid’, ‘ic’ acid, or ‘ylic’ acid of the acid name with ‘amide’. If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent is stated first (if more, stated in alphabetical order) followed by the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen.

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of γ- methylcaproic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal ‘e’ of the alkane or alkene name with ‘oic acid’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Carboxylic acids in which a carboxyl group is attached to a ring are named by adding ‘carboxylic acid’ to the name of the cyclic compound.

e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of ethyl 2-chloropentanoate has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of carboxylic acid) is named by replacing the terminal ‘oic acid’ of the name with ‘oate’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of β- bromobutyramide has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Amides: Amides are named by replacing ‘oic acid’, ‘ic’ acid, or ‘ylic’ acid of the acid name with ‘amide’. If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent is stated first (if more, stated in alphabetical order) followed by the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by a N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen.

g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Acyl chlorides: Acyl chlorides are named by replacing ‘ic acid’ of the acid name with ‘yl chloride’. For cyclic acids, that end with ‘carboxylic acid’ is replaced with ‘carbonyl chloride’.

h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of α− chlorovaleric acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal ‘e’ of the alkane or alkene name with ‘oic acid’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Carboxylic acids in which a carboxyl group is attached to a ring are named by adding ‘carboxylic acid’ to the name of the cyclic compound.

Answer 6

Chapter 16.1, Problem 4P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of phenyl acetate has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of carboxylic acid) is named by replacing the terminal ‘oic acid’ of the name with ‘oate’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Answer 7

Chapter 16.1, Problem 4P

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of phenyl acetate has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of carboxylic acid) is named by replacing the terminal ‘oic acid’ of the name with ‘oate’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Answer 8

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of γ− caprolactam has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Lactam: Cyclic amides are called lactam. In systematic name, ‘2-azacycloalkanones’ (‘aza’- indicates the nitrogen atom). For, common name, the length of the carbon chain is indicated by the common name of the carboxylic acid, and a Greek letter specifies the carbon to which the nitrogen is attached. 6-membered ring lactams are δ− lactams (the carbonyl Nitrogen is on δ− carbon, 5-membered ring lactams are γ− lactams, and 4-membered ring lactams are β− lactams.

Answer 9

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of γ− caprolactam has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Lactam: Cyclic amides are called lactam. In systematic name, ‘2-azacycloalkanones’ (‘aza’- indicates the nitrogen atom). For, common name, the length of the carbon chain is indicated by the common name of the carboxylic acid, and a Greek letter specifies the carbon to which the nitrogen is attached. 6-membered ring lactams are δ− lactams (the carbonyl Nitrogen is on δ− carbon, 5-membered ring lactams are γ− lactams, and 4-membered ring lactams are β− lactams.

Answer 10

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of N-benzylethanamide has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Amides: Amides are named by replacing ‘oic acid’, ‘ic’ acid, or ‘ylic’ acid of the acid name with ‘amide’. If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent is stated first (if more, stated in alphabetical order) followed by the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen.

Answer 11

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of N-benzylethanamide has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Amides: Amides are named by replacing ‘oic acid’, ‘ic’ acid, or ‘ylic’ acid of the acid name with ‘amide’. If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent is stated first (if more, stated in alphabetical order) followed by the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen.

Answer 12

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of γ- methylcaproic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal ‘e’ of the alkane or alkene name with ‘oic acid’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Carboxylic acids in which a carboxyl group is attached to a ring are named by adding ‘carboxylic acid’ to the name of the cyclic compound.

Answer 13

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of γ- methylcaproic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal ‘e’ of the alkane or alkene name with ‘oic acid’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Carboxylic acids in which a carboxyl group is attached to a ring are named by adding ‘carboxylic acid’ to the name of the cyclic compound.

Answer 14

e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of ethyl 2-chloropentanoate has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of carboxylic acid) is named by replacing the terminal ‘oic acid’ of the name with ‘oate’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Answer 15

e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of ethyl 2-chloropentanoate has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylate (ester): Carboxylate (deprotonated form of carboxylic acid) is named by replacing the terminal ‘oic acid’ of the name with ‘oate’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Answer 16

f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of β- bromobutyramide has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Amides: Amides are named by replacing ‘oic acid’, ‘ic’ acid, or ‘ylic’ acid of the acid name with ‘amide’. If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent is stated first (if more, stated in alphabetical order) followed by the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by a N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen.

Answer 17

f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of β- bromobutyramide has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Amides: Amides are named by replacing ‘oic acid’, ‘ic’ acid, or ‘ylic’ acid of the acid name with ‘amide’. If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent is stated first (if more, stated in alphabetical order) followed by the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by a N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen.

Answer 18

g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Acyl chlorides: Acyl chlorides are named by replacing ‘ic acid’ of the acid name with ‘yl chloride’. For cyclic acids, that end with ‘carboxylic acid’ is replaced with ‘carbonyl chloride’.

Answer 19

g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of Acyl chlorides: Acyl chlorides are named by replacing ‘ic acid’ of the acid name with ‘yl chloride’. For cyclic acids, that end with ‘carboxylic acid’ is replaced with ‘carbonyl chloride’.

Answer 20

h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of α− chlorovaleric acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal ‘e’ of the alkane or alkene name with ‘oic acid’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Carboxylic acids in which a carboxyl group is attached to a ring are named by adding ‘carboxylic acid’ to the name of the cyclic compound.

Answer 21

h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of α− chlorovaleric acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid: Carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal ‘e’ of the alkane or alkene name with ‘oic acid’. In common nomenclature, the position of a substituent is designated by a lowercase Greek letter, and the carbonyl carbon is not given a designation. Thus, the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha-carbon, the carbon adjacent to the alpha-carbon is the beta-carbon, and so on.

Carboxylic acids in which a carboxyl group is attached to a ring are named by adding ‘carboxylic acid’ to the name of the cyclic compound.

Answer 22

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 23

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 24

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Answer 25

Ch. 16.1 - The aromas of many flowers and fruits are due to...Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 16.1 - Name the following:Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 4P Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 5P Ch. 16.2 - Which is longer, the carbon-oxygen single bond in...Ch. 16.2 - There are three carbon-oxygen bonds in methyl...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 8P Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 9P Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 10P

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