Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 7ILQ
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/reflextest) to see how to test reflexes in the abdomen. Testing reflexes of the trunk is not commonly performed in the neurological exam, but if findings suggest a problem with the thoracic segments of the spinal cord, a series of superficial reflexes of the abdomen can localize function to those segments. If contraction is not observed when the skin lateral to the umbilicus (belly button) is stimulated, what level of the spinal cord may be damaged?
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Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/reflextest) to see how to test reflexes in the abdomen.Testing reflexes of the trunk is not commonly performedin the neurological exam, but if findings suggest a problemwith the thoracic segments of the spinal cord, a series ofsuperficial reflexes of the abdomen can localize functionto those segments. If contraction is not observed when theskin lateral to the umbilicus (belly button) is stimulated,what level of the spinal cord may be damaged?
Explain what is meant by a spinal reflex and how they are constructed. , you must have described the direction, named which nerve types are involved, and where the switching between these cells occurs. Please draw, but you must provide sufficient explanation in text so that the image can be understood. Give examples of a specific nerve reflex and describe how it works.
Why is it important to study reflexes? What clinical applications might these have? Describe a simple reflex arc.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 16 - Watch this video...Ch. 16 - Watch this video...Ch. 16 - Read this article...Ch. 16 - Watch the video...Ch. 16 - Watch this short video...Ch. 16 - Watch this video...Ch. 16 - Watch this video...Ch. 16 - Watch this short video...Ch. 16 - Which major section of the neurological exam is...Ch. 16 - What function would most likely be affected by a...
Ch. 16 - Which major section of the neurological exam...Ch. 16 - Memory, emotional, language, and sensorimotor...Ch. 16 - Where is language function localized in the...Ch. 16 - Which of the following could be elements of cyto...Ch. 16 - Which of the following could be a multimodal...Ch. 16 - Which is an example of episodic memory? how to...Ch. 16 - Which type of aphasia is more like hearing a...Ch. 16 - What region of the cerebral cortex is associated...Ch. 16 - Without olfactory sensation to complement...Ch. 16 - Which of the following cranial nerves is not part...Ch. 16 - Which nerve is responsible for controlling the...Ch. 16 - Which nerve is responsible for taste, as well as...Ch. 16 - Which of the following nerves controls movements...Ch. 16 - Which of the following is not part of the...Ch. 16 - Which subtest is directed at proprioceptive...Ch. 16 - What term describes the inability to lift the aim...Ch. 16 - Which type of reflex is the jaw-jerk reflex that...Ch. 16 - Which of the following is a feature of both...Ch. 16 - Which white matter structure carries information...Ch. 16 - Which region of the cerebellum receives...Ch. 16 - Which of the following tests cerebellar function...Ch. 16 - Which of the following is not a cause of...Ch. 16 - Which of the following functions cannot be...Ch. 16 - Why is a rapid assessment of neurological function...Ch. 16 - How is the diagnostic category of TIA different...Ch. 16 - A patients performance of the majority of the...Ch. 16 - A patient responds to the question What is your...Ch. 16 - As a person ages, their ability to focus on near...Ch. 16 - When a patient flexes their neck, the head tips to...Ch. 16 - The location of somatosensation is based on the...Ch. 16 - Why are upper motor neuron lesions characterized...Ch. 16 - Learning to ride a bike is a motor function...Ch. 16 - Alcohol intoxication can produce slurred speech....
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- When a physician elicits the patellar reflex, what physiological activities are being examined? List four. (Hint: think of the function of each component of the reflex pathway).arrow_forwardDescribe a situation where a reflex arc would be activated that is not described in your lesson. Assume that the reflex arc has five components to it. Please choose a reflex that involves a body part below the neck. (If you have trouble with this, do an internet search for information on reflex arcs.) Which type of structure was first stimulated in the reflex arc? What is the name of the second structure involved in the reflex arc? Into what part of the nervous system did the second structure send its electrical signal? What is the name of the third structure involved in the reflex arc? Where is this third structure located? What is affected by the electrical signal sent by the third structure? (This will be the fourth structure in the arc.) Where is the cell body of the fourth structure located? What is affected by the electrical signal sent by the fourth structure? (This will be the fifth structure in the arc.) What does the fifth structure do in response to that electrical signal…arrow_forwardFill in the blank: A knee-jerk reflex employs only _______________________ and motor neurons.arrow_forward
- Give a labeled illustration of a simple reflex arc with its components of the patella tendon tap reflex/knee jerk reflex.arrow_forwardFor each of the following statements about the line reflex, state whether it is true or false. The stretch reflex involves sensory neurons that switch directly to the motor neuron in the spinal cord The muscle contracts in response to a force applied Stretch reflexes include a sensory receptor (muscle coil)arrow_forwardWhen describing the reflex arcs and the neural pathways involved we often limit ourselves to the nerves carrying information from the muscle or tendon to the spinal cord and back. However, it should be clear from our ability to feel the tendon tap as well as the results from the Jendrassik’s maneuver test that it isn’t this simple. What other neural connections must be present ?arrow_forward
- Name the parts of a monosynaptic and of a polysynapticreflex arc. What is a reflex? Explain how reflexes arehomeostatic.arrow_forwardA spinal reflex requires the participation of each of the following except:a. cerebral cortexb. sensory neuronc. interneurond. motor neuronarrow_forwardUsing a reflex hammer, which of the following reflexes are assessed to determine the patient's neurologic condition? I. Patellar reflex and Babinski reflex II. Achilles tendon reflex and Triceps reflex III. Brachial reflex and Pupillary reflex IV. Plantar reflex and Pharyngeal reflexarrow_forward
- Complete the components in a polysynaptic reflex arc in the order that they are activated. Then briefly describe the function of each. #1 #2 #3 #4 #5arrow_forwardWhy is the crossed extensor reflex classified as a contralateral reflex arc?arrow_forwardFill in the blank: A withdrawal reflex employs a total of _______________________ neurons.arrow_forward
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