The reason for why the preparation of 2-methyl-2-propanol is not possible by carbonyl reduction should be determined. Concept Introduction: In a reduction of an organic molecule, either the number of C-O bonds decreases or number of C-H bonds increases. So when a ketone or aldehyde is reduced by H 2 in the presence of Pd catalyst, C=O double bond is reduced to C-O single bond and H 2 is added across this C=O double bond. Hence, a primary alcohol is produced by an aldehyde and a secondary alcohol is produced by a ketone.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 56P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for why the preparation of 2-methyl-2-propanol is not possible by carbonyl reduction should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

In a reduction of an organic molecule, either the number of C-O bonds decreases or number of C-H bonds increases. So when a ketone or aldehyde is reduced by H₂ in the presence of Pd catalyst, C=O double bond is reduced to C-O single bond and H₂ is added across this C=O double bond. Hence, a primary alcohol is produced by an aldehyde and a secondary alcohol is produced by a ketone.

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The SN 1 mechanism starts with the rate-determining step which is the dissociation of the alkyl halide into a carbocation and a halide ion. The next step is the rapid reaction of the carbocation intermediate with the nucleophile; this step completes the nucleophilic substitution stage. The step that follows the nucleophilic substitution is a fast acid-base reaction. The nucleophile now acts as a base to remove the proton from the oxonium ion from the previous step, to give the observed product. Draw a curved arrow mechanism for the reaction, adding steps as necessary. Be sure to include all nonzero formal charges. Cl: Add/Remove step G Click and drag to start drawing a structure.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 56P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for why the preparation of 2-methyl-2-propanol is not possible by carbonyl reduction should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

In a reduction of an organic molecule, either the number of C-O bonds decreases or number of C-H bonds increases. So when a ketone or aldehyde is reduced by H₂ in the presence of Pd catalyst, C=O double bond is reduced to C-O single bond and H₂ is added across this C=O double bond. Hence, a primary alcohol is produced by an aldehyde and a secondary alcohol is produced by a ketone.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 56P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for why the preparation of 2-methyl-2-propanol is not possible by carbonyl reduction should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

In a reduction of an organic molecule, either the number of C-O bonds decreases or number of C-H bonds increases. So when a ketone or aldehyde is reduced by H₂ in the presence of Pd catalyst, C=O double bond is reduced to C-O single bond and H₂ is added across this C=O double bond. Hence, a primary alcohol is produced by an aldehyde and a secondary alcohol is produced by a ketone.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 56P

Interpretation Introduction