Concept explainers
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(a)
Interpretation:
The products should be identified by the reaction of benzaldehyde with
Concept Introduction:
Addition of H2gas to a multiple bond is known as hydrogenation. In the presence of palladium metal as the catalyst H2 molecules react with
Answer to Problem 75P
Explanation of Solution
When an aldehyde reacts with H2 gas in the presence of palladium metal resulting product is an alcohol of the initial aldehyde molecule. Palladium metal act as a catalyst to the reaction that provides a surface to bind both the H2 and carbonyl compound which reduce the activation energy of the reaction.
Hydrogen atoms in the alcohol molecule shown below, which are indicated in red color are the added H during the hydrogenation reaction.
(b)
Interpretation:
The products should be identified by the reaction of benzaldehyde with
Concept Introduction:
Addition of an O atom in to a molecule is known as oxidation. The hydrogen atom directly connected to the carbonyl C in an aldehyde will oxidized in the presence of an oxidizing agent such as
Oxygen atom in the carboxylicacid molecule shown below, which is indicated in red color is the added O during the oxygenation reaction.
Answer to Problem 75P
Explanation of Solution
When an aldehyde reacts with
(c)
Interpretation:
The products should be identified by the reaction of benzaldehyde with
Concept Introduction:
Addition of an O atom in to a molecule is known as oxidation. The hydrogen atom directly connected to the carbonyl C in an aldehyde will oxidized in the presence of an oxidizing agent such as (
Oxygen atom in the carboxylic acid molecule shown below, which is indicated in red color is the added O during the oxygenation reaction.
Answer to Problem 75P
Explanation of Solution
When an aldehyde reacts with
Aldehyde's
(d)
Interpretation:
The products should be identified by the reaction of benzaldehyde with
Concept Introduction:
In the presence of alcohol in the acidic medium, aldehydes undergo addition reactions and give acetal in two steps.
Hydrogen atom and CH3 groups in the acetal and hemiacetal molecules shown below, which are indicated in red color are the added molecules during the reaction.
Answer to Problem 75P
Explanation of Solution
In the presence of alcohol in the acidic medium, aldehydes undergo addition reactions and give acetal in two steps. In the first step aldehydes form hemiacetals and during the second step it converts to an acetal molecule of the respective aldehyde molecule.
Addition of one molecule of alcohol in to an aldehyde forms a hemiacetal, one bond of the
(e)
Interpretation:
The products should be identified by the reaction of benzaldehyde with
Concept Introduction:
In the presence of alcohol in the acidic medium, aldehydes undergo addition reactions and give acetal in two steps.
Hydrogen atom and CH2CH3 groups in the acetal and hemiacetal molecules shown below, which are indicated in red color are the added molecules during the reaction.
Answer to Problem 75P
Explanation of Solution
In the presence of alcohol in the acidic medium, aldehydes undergo addition reactions and give acetal in two steps. In the first step aldehydes form hemiacetals and during the second step it converts to an acetal molecule of the respective aldehyde molecule.
Addition of one molecule of alcohol in to an aldehyde forms a hemiacetal, one bond of the
(f)
Interpretation:
The products should be identified by the reaction of
Concept Introduction:
In the presence of water and acid, acetals undergo hydrolysis reaction and produce aldehydes.
OR' groups in the acetal molecule shown below, which are indicated in red color are the molecules which becomes alcohol molecules during the hydrolysis.
Answer to Problem 75P
Explanation of Solution
Acetals are stable molecules, but their bonds can cleave by a reaction with water and produce aldehydes.
In the acetal molecule, two bonds of the
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Chapter 16 Solutions
GENERAL,ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM-ACCES
- Draw the major products of this SN1 reaction. Ignore any inorganic byproducts.arrow_forwardDraw the major elimination and substitution products formed in this reaction. Use a dash or wedge bond to indicate the stereochemistry of substituents on asymmetric centers, wehre applicable. Ignore and inorganic byproducts.arrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. Drawing Arrows THE Problem 33 of 35 N. C:0 Na + Submit Drag To Pan +arrow_forward
- Draw the product of the E2 reaction shown below. Include the correct stereochemistry. Ignore and inorganic byproducts.arrow_forwardDraw the major producrs of this SN1 reaction. Ignore any inorganic byproducts. Use a dash or wedge bond to indicate the sereochemistry of substituents on asymmetric centers where appllicable.arrow_forward5) Oxaloacetic Acid is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of citric acid. Synthesize oxaloacetic acid using a mixed Claisen Condensation reaction with two different esters and a sodium ethoxide base. Give your answer as a scheme Hint 1: Your final acid product is producing using a decarboxylation reaction. Hint 2: Look up the structure of oxalic acid. HO all OH oxaloacetic acidarrow_forward
- 20. The Brusselator. This hypothetical system was first proposed by a group work- ing in Brussels [see Prigogine and Lefever (1968)] in connection with spatially nonuniform chemical patterns. Because certain steps involve trimolecular reac tions, it is not a model of any real chemical system but rather a prototype that has been studied extensively. The reaction steps are A-X. B+X-Y+D. 2X+ Y-3X, X-E. 305 It is assumed that concentrations of A, B, D, and E are kept artificially con stant so that only X and Y vary with time. (a) Show that if all rate constants are chosen appropriately, the equations de scribing a Brusselator are: dt A-(B+ 1)x + x²y, dy =Bx-x²y. diarrow_forwardProblem 3. Provide a mechanism for the following transformation: H₂SO A Me. Me Me Me Mearrow_forwardYou are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: xi 1. ☑ 2. H₂O хе i Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. There is no reagent that will make this synthesis work without complications. : ☐ S ☐arrow_forward
- Predict the major products of this organic reaction: H OH 1. LiAlH4 2. H₂O ? Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. G C टेarrow_forwardFor each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C-C bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. NH2 CI MgCl ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No MgBr ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No G टेarrow_forwardFor each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new CC bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. དྲ。 ✗MgBr ? O CI Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new C-C bond? Yes No • ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No × : ☐ Xarrow_forward
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